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When it comes to anxiety disorders, there is no one type,
说起焦虑性障碍，并没有统一的类型定论，
each form of anxiety has its own set of symptoms and treatments.
每种焦虑症都有其症状和治疗方法。
It is important to remember that while some symptoms will overlap, no two anxiety disorders are alike.
重要的是记住，虽然一些症状有重合，但是没有哪两种焦虑症是相似的。
This list aims to bring attention to the five major anxiety disorders and what they mean for the sufferers.
以下列举是为了让大家注意到这五种主要类型的焦虑症以及患者所经受的痛苦。
We, Psych2Go hope to bring awareness to the growing number of anxiety sufferers and their needs,
我们希望让大家理解这些不断增加的患者以及他们的需求，
so without further ado, here's five anxiety disorders as well as their symptoms and treatments.
话不多说，以下是五种焦虑症以及其症状和治疗方法。
1. Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD.
1. 强迫性精神障碍或强迫症
Obsessive-compulsive disorder technically has two components, the obsessions and the compulsions.
从学术上来看，强迫症有两个部分，一个是强迫观念另一个是强迫行为。
Obsessions can encompass anything from a severe fear of germs to the placement of things around the home and many things in between.
强迫观念可以包含一切恐惧，从细菌到家中物件的放置以及之间许多事物。
The compulsions are what the sufferer does to rid themselves of those obsessive thoughts.
强迫行为是患者为了消除自己的强迫观念而表现出的行为。
Someone who has obsessions about germs may ritually wash their hands or carry hand sanitizer everywhere they go.
对细菌有强迫观念的人无论走到哪都要洗手或随身携带洗手液。
Someone who has obsessive thoughts about the placement of objects might arrange and rearrange their belongings until they feel just right.
对物件摆放有强迫观念的人会不停摆放他们的所有物直到一切看起来正常为止。
These obsessions and compulsions can become very intrusive and disruptive to the sufferers daily life.
这些强迫观念和强迫行为可能会严重干扰和破坏患者的日常生活。
As far as treatments for OCD go, there are a couple.
有些针对强迫症的治疗方法。
There are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine, sertraline,
选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂，如氟西丁或舍曲林，
these medications are meant to help alleviate the symptoms for the sufferer so that they are at a manageable and less destructive level.
这些药物旨在帮助消除患者症状，让症状处于可控制、破坏力小的水平范围。
The other widely used treatment is psychotherapy.
另一个广泛使用的治疗方法是心理疗法。
With this, you might run into cognitive behavioral therapy that will be used to help the sufferer
接受心理疗法，可能会利用认知行为治疗对患者进行治疗
essentially reprogram their response to obsessions and compulsions.
尤其是重新调整他们对强迫观念和强迫行为的反应。
For the most part, medications and therapies are used in tandem to get the best results.
药物和心理疗法很大程度上是结合进行以达到最好的结果。
2. Generalized anxiety disorder.
2. 泛化性焦虑症。
Generalized anxiety disorder or GAD is a bit unlike the other anxiety disorders on this list.
泛化性焦虑症或GAD和该名单中的其他焦虑症有些不太像。
Those who suffer from GAD aren't always able to give a reason for their symptoms,
患有泛化性焦虑症的患者无法解释自己的症状，
in fact, one of the symptoms is a general feel of restlessness or unease,
事实上，其症状之一就是感觉坐立不安，
they may also experience worry as one of the symptoms.
他们的症状或许还包括担忧。
Everyone worries from time to time but GAD causes the sufferer to eternalize those worries and take them to an entirely new level.
每个人都有担心的时候，但是GAD会让患者一直担忧并将他们带入一个新的水平。
They may think of them in an obsessive manner which will cause a downward spiral of other symptoms such as a disturbance in sleep patterns.
他们会以一种强迫的方式考虑这种担忧，并导致恶性循环引发其他症状，比如扰乱睡眠模式。
The treatments available for GAD are similar to those of OCD medications and therapy.
适用于GAD的治疗方法和治疗OCD的药物和心理疗法相似。
Though in this case, the medications may be benzodiazepines and antidepressants rather than the run-of-the-mill SSRIs.
但在这种情况下，药物方面或许会使用苯二氮平类药物和抗抑郁药而非普通的SSRIs。
Cognitive behavioral therapy is used with GAD as well as relaxation techniques and mindfulness.
认知行为治疗和放松的技巧以及打坐也被用于治疗GAD。
3. Social anxiety disorder.
3. 社交焦虑障碍。
Those with social anxiety disorder experienced panic attacks related to social situations.
社交焦虑障碍患者会经历与社会情境相关的无端恐惧症。
This can manifest in a fear of public speaking or stage fright and can be so severe that they avoid going into public altogether.
表现为害怕公众演讲或怯场，有时会很严重以至于他们会直接避免走进公众场合。
Social anxiety can also have symptoms of severe self-consciousness and a general fear of being around others.
社会焦虑也有严重自觉意识症状，害怕和别人待在一起。
Someone with social anxiety might find it hard to speak when other people are present,
患有社会焦虑的人难以在别人面前开口说话，
even if they aren't addressing the crowd as a whole.
即使他们并不用在公众面前演讲。
Social anxiety is mainly treated with SSRIs and therapy.
社会焦虑主要治疗方法是SSRIs和心理疗法。
As we stated before just because a treatment option looks similar from one anxiety to another, it isn't going to be the same.
如我们之前所说，不能因为治疗方法和其他的一些焦虑症疗法相似，就说这两种焦虑症是一样的。
Each sufferer presents their own needs that must be taken into account.
每个患者都有自己的需求，需要将这一点考虑在内。
Each therapy isn't going to work the same for each individual. Personalization of treatment is key in these situations.
每个疗法并不一定对这类患者中的每个人都有效。治疗方法的个性化是其关键。
4. Panic disorder.
4. 惊恐性障碍。
Unlike the other anxiety disorders on this list, panic disorder rests solely on panic attacks.
和名单上的其他焦虑症不同，惊恐性障碍仅依赖于惊恐发作。
With many other anxiety disorders, panic attacks are just another symptom.
和许多其他焦虑症一样，惊恐发作仅是另一种症状。
When it comes to panic disorder, those attacks are the symptom.
说起惊恐性障碍，这些发作就是其症状。
Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks.
惊恐性障碍的特征是周期性惊恐发作。
The sufferer may experience heart palpitations, a racing pulse, an intense fear and the feeling that they are hopelessly out of control.
患者会出现心悸、脉搏加快和强烈恐惧以及感到无可救药的失控。
There isn't a rhyme or reason to many of these attacks so the sufferer is essentially lying in wait for the next one to come.
其发作是没有条理或原因的，所以患者只能躺着等待下次发作。
Panic disorder can be treated in many ways.
惊恐性障碍的治疗方法有很多。
The medications used are some that we've heard of, such as benzodiazepines and SSRIs.
很多治疗药物我们都听过，比如苯二氮平类药物和SSRIs。
We are also introduced to serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs and beta blockers.
我们也推荐血清素去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂或SSRIs以及β-受体阻滞药。
These medications as with OCD are often used in conjunction with therapy to help maximize the usefulness of each.
这些药物，如OCD常和治疗法相结合用于帮助将其效用最大化。
5. Post-traumatic stress disorder.
5. 创伤后精神失调。
Post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD can be diagnosed in anyone.
任何人都可能被诊断出创伤后精神失调或PTSD。
For the most part, you have probably heard it when someone speaks about veterans or police officers.
大部分情况下，在谈论退伍军人或警察时会听到PTSD。
While those careers have a higher rate of PTSD, it is in fact true that anyone can be diagnosed with it.
虽然这些职业患PTSD的比率较高，但事实上，任何人都可能诊断出PTSD。
PTSD is the result of a very traumatic event or series of events.
PTSD是创伤事件或一系列事件的结果。
This leaves the sufferer with flashbacks and night terrors where they feel as that they are right back in the event again.
PTSD会让患者不断回想往事并做噩梦，让他们觉得自己又再次回到往事。
The sufferer may also suffer from panic attacks as well as phobias associated with people, places or even sounds.
患者还会遭受无端恐惧症以及和那些人、地点甚至声音相关的恐惧症。
Medications such as fluoxetine, venlafaxine may be used in the treatment of PTSD.
药物，比如氟西汀和文拉法辛或许能用于治疗PTSD。
Therapies such as prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy and brief eclectic psychotherapy may be utilized as well.
也可使用一些疗法，比如持续揭露、认知加工疗法和简单的折中主义的心理疗法。
Again this is a situation where the use of medications and therapy together can help give a better outcome than just one alone.
这种情况中，药物和疗法的共同结合也能帮助更好治疗。
It is important to note that those with PTSD can lash out in certain situations but there is no need to be afraid of the sufferers.
重要的是注意到患有PTSD的患者可能会在某种情况下变得暴躁，但是没必要害怕他们。
There is nothing inherently dangerous about them,
他们本身并不危险，
in fact, those with mental illness are exponentially more likely to be the victims of violent crimes than they are to be the perpetrator.
事实上，那些患有精神疾病的人更像是暴力犯罪的受害者而非施暴者。
This is not a complete list of the different anxiety disorders out there by any means
无论如何都没有不同焦虑症的完整名单
nor is it completely comprehensive in each description.
也没有对每种描述的完整理解。
There are many kinds of anxiety, these just happen to be the most talked about and diagnosed at this particular moment.
还有很多其他类型的焦虑症，这些恰好是最常谈论和诊断最多的几种。
Regardless of which anxiety disorders the diagnosis is for,
不论诊断的是哪种焦虑症，
it is important to remember that the sufferer is in need of help and acceptance.
重要的是记住患者需要帮助和被接受。
You don't have to understand anxiety, to be able to offer an ear to talk to or some words to keep them grounded in the moment.
你不必马上理解焦虑、谈论或让他们围在聚光灯下。
Remind the sufferer that they are alright, that what they are feeling are just symptoms of their anxiety
提醒患者他们没事，他们所感觉到的只是焦虑的症状罢了
and that it will pass if given the time.
而且只要花时间，就一定能克服。
Aside from that, just make sure that they know you are there with them and wait it out.
此外，确保他们知道你会在他们身边等待他们走出困境。
Do you suffer from one or more of the disorders listed? Share your story in the comments below.
你有没有过这种经历呢？在评论下方分享你的故事。
On a different note, Psych2Go is now selling t-shirts, links will be in the description below.
还有就是，Psych2Go开始卖T恤啦，下方有链接。
As always don't forget to subscribe and thanks for watching.
不要忘记订阅，感谢收看。
