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Internet, we need to talk about a very serious problem with doing things outside in the winter: Constantly being interrupted by the need to pee.
我们需要谈谈一个非常严肃的问题，一个在冬季户外会遇上的问题：总是想嘘嘘。
It doesn’t even matter if you specifically remembered to go before you put on your coat and your scarf and your pants
就算你在穿外套、戴围巾、穿裤子
and your other pants and your third pair of pants.
和其他裤子前去上过厕所了，还是会这样。
You’re like, an hour, tops, into frolicking in a winter wonderland and there it is again—your body saying "find that bathroom, boy—STAT!"
在冬季乐园中玩闹一个小时后，尿意来袭—你的身体表示“孩子，快找厕所呀！”
It's not all in your head. It's called cold diuresis, and it's a pretty normal thing: being chilled makes you produce more urine.
这种现象被称为冷利尿，是一件相当普遍的事情：寒冷让你尿意十足。
And although there's some debate about the mechanism, most physiologists think it's a side effect of how our bodies keep warm.
虽然对此还有很多争论，多数生理学家认为这是人类身体保暖的副作用。
Like many animals, one trick we use to withstand colder temperatures is to reduce the blood flow to areas that are exposed.
和许多动物一样，人类会使用的一种抵抗寒冷天气的技巧就是减少暴露部分的血流量。
For us, that means the tiny blood vessels in our skin constrict, minimizing the amount of blood that's chilled by the frosty weather
于人类而言，这意味着皮肤中的微血管收缩，将受冷的血量降到最低
and reducing the effort your body has to put into keeping all the most important bits warm.
并减少身体为了保持最重要部位温度的消耗。
But that pushes more blood into the veins and arteries in our core, sort of like how, like, squeezing one end of a water balloon makes the rest of it bulge up.
但这就将更多的血液推向静脉和动脉，就像是挤压水球的一端，让另一端膨胀。
And having more blood in those blood vessels increases your blood pressure, but high blood pressure isn't great for you either.
血管中更多的血液会增加你的血压，但是高血压不利健康。
So, to compensate, your body reduces your total fluid level by increasing the amount of water in your pee.
所以为了抵消这种不健康，你的身体会通过增加尿液中的水含量来减少你的总液位。
That explanation makes sense, but it doesn't fit perfectly.
这种解释就说得通啦，但是也不完全适用。
Some scientists have found that people and other animals exposed to the cold experience this increase in blood pressure,
一些科学家发现人类和其他动物暴露在寒冷条件下时会增加血压，
but some haven't—especially ones that looked at longer exposures to the cold.
但有些却不会—特别是那些长期暴露在寒冷环境中的。
And researchers don't always find the usual hormonal changes that come with an increase in urine production.
研究人员并不常发现伴随尿液增加的通常激素变化。
So some physiologists think the constant need to pee might have more to do with salts, at least, the urge that comes after you've been in the cold for a while.
所以一些生理学家认为总是想嘘嘘可能和盐更有关，至少，这种尿意是在你呆在寒冷室外一段时候后才出现。
Your kidneys can't work as well when they're chilled, which prevents the reabsorption of salts from urine as it's being produced.
你的肾脏遇冷时也无法工作，这样就阻止了尿液中盐分的吸收。
And that triggers what scientists call osmotic diuresis, where the saltiness draws water from your blood into your urine, making you have more pee to pee.
这就引发了科学家们所说的渗透性利尿，碱度将从血液中吸取的水分注入到尿液中，让你的更想嘘嘘。
But that doesn't kick in, like, the second you walk out the door, because it takes time for your kidneys to start struggling.
但当你出门的那一秒，还不会发生这种现象，因为肾脏开始发力还需要时间。
And it actually is a big concern for people that live and work in cold climates, like troops deployed in arctic environments.
对于那些生活和工作在寒冷气温的人们，这可真是个大问题，比如部署在北极区士兵们。
But for most of us, though, cold diuresis mostly means more bathroom breaks in winter.
虽然对大多数人而言，冷利尿基本意味着冬季上厕所的时间更多了。
Which isn't so bad, as long as you remember to replace all those lost fluids!
这样也不算太坏，只要你记住替换所有那些失去的液体！
Thank you to Valerie S, Julian Taylor, and Paul for asking this question—
感谢Valerie S、 Julian Taylor以及Paul的提问
so many different people curious about peeing in the cold, and thanks to all of our patrons who voted for this question in our Patreon poll.
很多人都对这个问题好奇，感谢所有给这个问题投票的赞助人。
If you would like to propose a question for us to answer,
如果你想向我们提问，
and gain access to all kinds of cool Patron-exclusive stuff, you can head over to Patreon.com/SciShow.
以及获得特别礼物，你可以直奔Patreon.com/SciShow
