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A lot of research in this area... showing how learning to interpret events subjectively as optimists leads to much higher success.
很多有关这方面的研究……表明学习主观地像乐观主义者，解释事件可以获得更高层次的成功
Some of you may recognize Matt Biondi. 1988 Seoul Olympics.
你们中的而有些人可能知道马特·比昂迪。1988年汉城奥运会
Many people thought that he could equal Mark Spitz records of seven gold medals.
许多人都认为他能追平马克-施皮茨7块金牌的记录
First race, silver medal. Huge disappointment.
第一场比赛，银牌，巨大的失望
Second race, bronze medal. Huge disappointment. Everyone I remembered that very distinctly. People talking about
第二场比赛，铜牌，巨大的失望。大家，我记得很清楚。人们谈论着
how he falls under pressure, how he is not the person we thought he is.
他如何受到压力的影响，他不是我们所期望的那个人
Martin Seligman at that point said "no, he's going to succeed".
马克-施皮茨在那时说"不，他将会成功"
Why? Because he measured him and many other athletes on their levels of optimism and pessimism.
为什么？因为他衡量过他和许多其他运动员在乐观与悲观方面的水平
And Matt Biondi was a constant optimist.
马特·比昂迪一直是个乐观主义者
And he knew he would interpret these "failures", I mean, you know bronze and silver medals in the Olympics, failures, right?
他知道他会将这些"失败"理解为，我指的是奥运会上的银牌和铜牌，算是失败，对吧?
But these relative for him expected to win seven golds, failures, he would interpret them not as permanent.
这些相对于他期望赢得7块金牌来说，是失败，但他不会把它们视为永久性的失败
"I choke. I can't make it in the Olympics" as pervasive "I can't swim well anymore and win"
把“我发挥失常，我不能在奥运会上实现目标”视为"我再也不能游好泳和赢比赛了"
to temporary and specific, which he did exactly that and won the next five gold medals.
而只是视为暂时的和特定的失败，他也正是那么做的，并赢下了接下来的5块金牌
