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Anyone, or anything, that reproduces sexually is constantly thinking to itself "Who am I gonna mate with?"
通过性繁殖的任何人或物 在不停地思考一个问题 我会和谁结合
We spend a lot of time thinking about mate choice
我们在选择伴侣上花很多时间
because passing on your genes early and often is how you win at being alive.
因为要在生存竞争中取得胜利 需要尽早传递基因
From an evolutionary standpoint, it's the most important thing you will ever do, if you do it.
从进化论的立场来看 传宗接代是所有事里最重要的一件
And due to its extreme importance, it's also very complicated, you may have noticed.
正因为它极其重要 你也许注意到它也非常复杂
Our general understanding of it comes from Charles Darwin
我们对于交配的普遍认识来源于查尔斯·达尔文
who proposed that some individuals get more action than others because of sexual selection.
他提出 出于性选择的原因 有的人发生的性行为比其他人多
You've heard of it. One gender of a species consistently prefers mates with specific traits
你听过这个词 一个物种中的一个男性(或女性) 偏爱和有特定特征的另一半交配
so individuals with those traits pass their genes on more often
因此有那些特征的个体在整个族群中
and spread their genes, and the traits, throughout a population. Old Charlie was certainly on to something.
更频繁地传递并扩散他们的基因和特征 老查理在某点上说对了
Take a look at this peacock. Some would consider this overkill, but to the ladies,
看一看这个孔雀 有人认为过于妖艳 但对于雌性孔雀
a big frothy rack of feathers shows that a dude is healthy and has good genes.
丰满多泡的羽毛证明雄性孔雀是健康的 有优质基因的
So, as a result of sexual selection, male peacocks have evolved to look like 1970s Las Vegas showgirls.
由此 性选择致使雄性孔雀 进化得像20世纪70年代 拉斯维加斯的歌舞女郎一样
Humans, like peacocks, have evolved to like some traits more than others,
像孔雀一样 人类已经进化得 更加偏爱某些特征
and these preferences date back to a time when those traits gave an individual huge survival advantages.
这些偏好可追溯到那些特征 给一个人提供了巨大的生存优势的时候
So in most cases, beauty is actually a language that conveys information about health and fertility.
所以大多数情况下 美实际上是一种语言 传递了关于健康和繁殖能力的信息
But if you're thinking that it's all about boobs and big muscles, think harder.
但要是你觉得美只和胸部和肌肉发达有关 再好好考虑一下
You know what really turns us on? Bilateral symmetry.
你知道真正吸引我们的是什么吗？是两侧对称
Humans are attracted to people whose bodies and faces look the same on both sides. How am I doing? Anybody?
人类会受有着身体和 脸部两侧看上去一样的人吸引 大家觉得我看着怎么样？
Symmetrical imbalance can mean someone was exposed to some kind of stressor during early development
对称不平衡会意味着有人在早期发展时 暴露在某种压力源下
that they weren't tough enough to deal with.
对于处理这种压力源他们不够强大
Similarly, a low waist-to-hip ratio drives both dude and lady humans wild.
同样地 低腰臀比比值使得 不管是男性还是女性都为之疯狂
Where fat is deposited on a body is determined by sex hormones: testosterone in men and estrogen in women.
脂肪储存在身体的哪个部位取决于 性激素：男性的睾丸素和女性的雌激素
Women who produce the ideal amount of estrogen generally have waists that are about 70% the width of their hips.
产出理想的雌激素的女性 她们的腰部宽度通常占臀部的70%
Same goes for men and testosterone.
这对于男性和睾丸素也同样适用
People with this ideal ratio are often less susceptible to cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes,
拥有理想腰臀比的人通常得 心血管疾病 癌症 糖尿病的可能性更小
and women in this range also have less difficulty conceiving and giving birth.
在理想腰臀比范围内的女性 怀孕和生产的难度更小
Now you might be wondering why will a nice, symmetical guy with an ideal waist-hip ratio make you feel kind of meh,
现在你可能在想 为什么一个有着理想腰臀比的 帅气又对称的男人 让你提不起兴致
but he's got your friend driving by his house three times a day? Well, one reason could be in our genes.
但他却让你的朋友 一天三次开车去他家 其中一个原因也许是我们的基因
Everybody gives off subtle chemical signals called pheromones which gives potential mates a clue to our genetic profiles.
每个人散发出叫做费洛蒙的 微妙的化学信号 这给了潜在的伴侣关于 我们基因资料的线索
Crazy, right? Studies have shown that men and women are generally attracted to pheromones of individuals
听上去疯狂 对吧 研究表明男性和女性通常被 那些费洛蒙
that are genetically similar to themselves, with one major exception.
和自己相似的人吸引 除了一个例外
They prefer mates with a different kind of immune system gene called Major Histocompatibility Complex, or MHC.
他们更喜欢和有着不同的 免疫系统基因的人交配 这个基因叫做主要组织相容性复合体 或简称MHC
The combo of two variations of the MHC gene helps a couple's offspring fight off disease better
两种MHC基因的变体的结合物 有助于一对夫妇的后代 更好地抵御疾病
and our pheromones basically tell mates which version of that gene we have.
我们的费洛蒙基本上告诉伴侣 我们的基因是哪个版本
But even after you account for pheromones and symmetry and ratios, it's complicated.
但即便在你解释了费洛蒙 对称性和腰臀比 性选择仍旧是复杂的事
And people don't make rational decisions, so really don't bother with those hair plugs or that boob job.
人们还是做出不理性的决定 所以 不要去植发和隆胸了
It's complicated. And yet so awesome.
性选择虽复杂 但也很了不起
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow.
感谢观看这集科学秀
In the comments, tell us what makes you attracted to a potential mate.
在评论区 告诉我们是什么让你 被一个潜在配偶吸引
Also if you have any questions or ideas or comments,
同样地如果你有任何疑问或想法或评论
you can leave those down in the comments or get in touch with us on Facebook or Twitter.
你可以写在评论区里或者 在脸书和推特上 与我们联系
And if you want to continue getting smarter with us all the time, you can go to youtube.com/scishow and subscribe.
要是你想继续和我们一起变得更聪明下去 你可以订阅油管上的科学秀频道
