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Let's start with school-year gains. That is how many points students' test score's rise from the time they started classes in September to the time they stopped in June.
让我们从学校这一年所获得的分数开始。下面表格中的数据显示了学生们从9月份开学到6月份学期结束中所获得的测试分数。
Theses results tell a completely different story from the one suggested by the full year results.
列表中的“全部”代表着他们在这5年小学学习中的所有科目。
The first set of test results made it look like lower-income kids were somehow failing in the classroom. But when you just look at the school year, you see that that isn't true.
第一个表格中暗示着完全不同的事情，第一套测试的结果让低收入家庭的孩子看起来有点失败。但是我们也清楚地看到这不是真实的。
Over the course of fiver years elementary school, poor kids actually "out-learn" the wealthiest kids 189 points to 194 points.
看一下“总成绩”这一栏，小学5年的所有课程，穷孩子“从头至尾地学习”，他们以191分比186分超过富孩子，
They lag behind the middle-class kids by only a modest amount, and in fact in one year, second grade, they learn more than anyone else.
他们落后中等收入家庭的孩子并不多，事实上，在二年级这个学年里，他们比中等阶层或富裕家庭的孩子学到更多。
Now, let's see what happens if we just look at how reading scores change during summer vacation. Here again is a totally different story.
你看到不同了吗？看看第一个列表，测量的是一年级暑假后的状况。
In the summer after first grade, the wealthiest kids come back in September and their reading scores have jumped more than 15 points.
富孩子9月份回到学校，他们阅读的分数飞速增长了15分。
The poorest kids come back from the holidays and their reading scores haver dropped by almost 4 points.
穷孩子从假期回来，他们的分数下降了4分。
Poor kids may out-learn rich kids during the school year. But during the summer, they fall far behind.
在这一学年，穷孩子比富孩子学得多，但是暑假期间，他们落后了。
Now suppose we total up all the summer learning gains from first grade to fifth grade.
现在看看最后一个列表，它显示的是从一年级到五年级所有暑假所获得的总和。
The reading scores of the poor kids over those four summers go up by .26 points.
穷孩子阅读分数涨了26分，
When it comes to reading skills, poor kids, in other words, learn nothing when score is not in session.
但到了阅读技巧，在学校不开学的时候，穷孩子什么也学不到。
The reading scores of the rich kids, over the summer holidays, by contrast, go up by a whopping 52 points.
富孩子的阅读分数正好相反，大幅度增了52.49分。
Virtually all of the advantage that wealthy students have over poor students is the result of differences in the way privileged kids learn when they are not in school. What are we seeing here?
事实上，富孩子胜过穷孩子的所有优势就是：富孩子们不在学校时学到了东西。我们从这里看到了什么？
