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356. Buchanan elected President, 1856.
356．布坎南当选为总统（1856年）
The Whigs and the Know-Nothings nominated Millard Fillmore for President and said nothing about slavery. The Democrats nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania for President and John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky for Vice-President. They declared their approval of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and favored a strict construction of the Constitution. The Republicans nominated John C. Frémont. They protested against the extension of slavery and declared for a policy of internal improvements at the expense of the nation. The Democrats won; but the Republicans carried all the Northern states save four.
辉格党和美国本土党提名米勒德·菲尔莫尔为总统，并避而不谈奴隶制；民主党提名来自宾夕法尼亚州的詹姆斯·布坎南为总统，并提名肯塔基州的约翰·C·布莱克里奇为副总统，他们宣称支持《堪萨斯-内布拉斯加法案》，并支持对宪法做出一个严格的完善；共和党提名约翰·C·佛里蒙特为总统，他们反对奴隶制的扩张，并提出一个以国家开支来提升国内发展的政策。民主党最终获胜，但北方除了四个州以外都支持共和党。
357. The Dred Scott Decision, 1857.
357．对德莱德·斯科特的判决（1847年）
The Supreme Court of the United States now gave a decision in the Dred Scott case that put an end to all hope of compromise on the slavery question. Dred Scott had been born a slave. The majority of the judges declared that a person once a slave could never become a citizen of the United States and bring suit in the United States courts. They also declared that the Missouri Compromise was unlawful. Slave owners had a clear right to carry their property, including slaves, into the territories, and Congress could not stop them.
这时候，美国最高法院在德莱德·斯科特案子中给出一个判决，这个判决破灭了折中奴隶制问题的所有希望。德莱德o斯科特生来就是一个奴隶，大多数法官称，一旦一个人成为奴隶他就永远不可能变成美国的公民，也永远不能在美国的法庭上起诉；他们还宣称《密苏里折中案》不合法，奴隶主毋庸置疑的权力将他们的财产（包括奴隶）带到各地，国会不可以阻止他们。
