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Segment 18a: Turn and Face the Strange.
章节18a：改变和面对特殊时局
Ivan the Terrible had spent the first 18 years of his reign, 1547-1565, building a Russian Empire up.
伊凡雷帝在前18年统治期间，也就是1547到1565年间，建立了俄罗斯帝国
And the rest of it, 1565-1584, tearing it down.
而又在1565到1584年将其毁灭
As we've seen, the time of troubles, 1598-1612,
正如我们看到的，1598-1612是充满动乱的时期
which followed the death of Ivan's son, Feodor, tested the new nation's fiber in many ways.
也是伊凡儿子费多尔死去之后的时期，从许多方面，试炼了这个新国家的力量
They had false Dmitri's, Polish and Swedish invasions, murdered tsars, class war between peasants and Boyars.
出现了伪德米特里，波兰人和瑞典人入侵，刺杀沙皇，平民与波雅尔贵族之间的阶级战争
But as it turned out, the gathering of the land begun by Grand Prince Ivan the First, that is, Ivan "money bags" of Moscow,
但是结果由大王子伊凡一世，人称莫斯科的"钱袋子伊凡"开展的聚集土地运动
was more than just a mere land grab.
不仅仅是一种土地掠夺
Welded together by their Kievan-Rus' heritage and held together by the Russian Orthodox Church,
融合了基辅罗斯的遗产，由俄罗斯东正教团结在一起
the people of Holy Russia rose to the challenge of becoming the best third Rome they could be.
神圣的俄罗斯人肩负起了成为第三个的罗马帝国的使命
At first, the early Romanovs focused on things they early Moskevite princes had done well sometimes:
起初，罗曼诺夫人聚焦于早期莫斯科王子所擅长的事情上
easing tensions between the classes and avoiding senseless wars.
就是缓和阶级之间的矛盾，避免不必要的战争
But changes would eventually have to be made.
但是，最终他们还是要面对变化
The Western world was modernizing at a far faster rate than Russia was.
西方世界的现代化速度远远超越俄国
