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Then even more maybe compelling I think, was Philip Zimbardo's research which he tried also in the 60's and 70's called
我认为 更令人信服的是 菲利普.津巴多的研究 他也在60年代和70年代进行了
The Stanford Experiment where he divided normal college students up arbitrarily intoeither prisoners or guards er, in a totally contrived situation.
斯坦福实验 他在完全人为的环境下随机分为 把正常的大学生 分为犯人和看守员
What he found within a matter of days, was sadism and victimisation running amuck, he had to interrupt the experiment.
几天之后他发现 施虐和暴行横行 他不得不中断实验
He couldn't let it run a week because the college students that were playing the guards became as Lord Acton said,
无法让实验持续一周 扮演看守人员的大学生 成为了艾克顿公爵所说的
um Absolute power corrupts absolutely.
绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败
They were into torture, they were er into abuse and victims were being broken by it on both sides, he couldn't in good ethics continue it.
他们喜欢酷刑 喜爱施虐 受害者两面受袭 正在精神崩溃 他高尚的道德观让他无法继续
He's written several books on this since then. So those are some of the antecedents er, that lead to this.
从那之后 他写了几本关于这方面的着作 这些都是今天的演讲 以前的研究文献
On the other side, psychology and other mental health professions have responded to try to address the affects of torture
另一个方面 心理学和其他心理 健康从业者也作出积极回应 付出努力解决折磨酷刑的后果和影响
I briefly would like to review some of that.
我要对此进行简要的回顾
That it began um, after World War 2 er with the UN declaration for human rights
它开始于二战之后
and the covenant looking at what happened in er, the Holocaust and also er, veterans who had been um, er traumatised.
这一契约关注 大屠杀事件 还有受到精神创伤的老兵
