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Changes particularly in the technology of the rifle,
尤其是步枪技术的变革
which made it a much more accurate long-distance weapon.
令步枪成为更加精准的长距离武器
The war becomes a situation of long-range sharpshooting.
战争形势随即发展为远程精确射击
No-one would have imagined ironclad warfare and the terrific combats of the navies.
没人能预想到装甲战 以及惨酷壮烈的海战
The impact of the Industrial Revolution.we are talking about mass production of weaponry,
工业革命影响了战争 这里须得提及大规模兵器生产
telegraph, railroads, bringing troops to the front.
电报 将军队运往前线的铁路
Certainly no-one understood what kind of masses of armies would be required.
自然 无人能理解战争所需兵力之巨
No-one would have comprehended black recruitment.
无人能理解非裔美国人将被征募入伍
Nobody expected 620,000 deaths, thousands and thousands of injuries,
无人能料到将有62万名亡魂 数以千计的伤者
and utter destruction in many parts of the country.
以及遍布各处的断壁残垣
So you might ask if Lincoln and Jefferson Davis had seen 1865,
人们或许要问 如果林肯与杰佛逊·戴维斯能预见1865年的战争场景
would they have compromised in 1861?
他们是否会在1861年妥协和解
The image of Lincoln that dominates the American consciousness today,150 years after the Civil War, is Lincoln as the saviour of the Union.
今天 内战过去150年后 美国人主流认知中的林肯形象 是一位国家救星
Lincoln's role as commander-in-chief is less well remembered.
他的另一身份 军队统帅 则鲜为人知
Yet hard as it is for some to accept,Abraham Lincoln prosecuted the Civil War ferociously.
而另一些人难以接受的是 亚伯拉罕·林肯在内战中表现地相当残忍
