否定转移是指英语否定句出现在句中某一部分(常在谓语部分),但在语义上却否定另一部分的现象。
否定转移
1. 通常,believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess等词在引导宾语从句时,需要进行否定转移,并且由于人称的变化,形式也有较大区别:
在陈述句中,当think后的宾语从句是否定句,而主句的主语是第一人称时,通常需要将否定词not转移到主句之中,虽然句子在形式上是否定主句的谓语,而实际上否定的则是从句的谓语。
I don't guess that they have got married.
我猜他们还没有结婚。
He gave his promise; but I didn't suppose he would keep it.
他曾经做出诺言,但是我想他不会履行诺言的。
2. 在复合句中,若包含think等词,其反意疑问句同样需要进行否定转移,并且还应注意主谓一致:
a. 当复合句主句的主语是第一人称(I, we)时,反意疑问句的主谓部分要和从句的主语、谓语保持一致:
I don't suppose that anyone will volunteer to stick his neck out to help me, will they?
我认为没有人会主动乐意帮我一把,是吗?
b. 当复合句主句的主语是第二、三人称时,反意疑问句的主谓部分要和主句的主语、谓语保持一致:
Mrs. Obama doesn't believe her husband will quit his campaign promise to enhance America's economic ties with the fast-growing economies of Asia, does she?
奥巴马夫人认为她的丈夫是不会放弃当初竞选时的承诺,即承诺夯实美国与亚洲快速增长经济体之间的经济联系,对吗?
否定不转移
1. think是如下的两种时态【完成、过去(进行)】时,宾语从句的否定不可进行转移。
I have been thinking we should not have anything to do with a person like him.
我一直在想,我们不应当与像他那样的人有任何往来。
I thought we should not do like that.
我觉得我们不应该那样做。
2. think之前有下列两类词修饰时,宾语从句的否定不发生转移。
a. think之前有强调词do:
I do think it is not wise of him to do so.
我确实认为他这么做是不明智的。
b. think之前有副词修饰时:
I really think Lucy can't finish her homework within two hours.
我真的认为露西两小时内不能完成家庭作业。
3. think用于疑问句、插入语时,宾语从句否定不转移。
Do you think he will not come?
你认为他不会来吗?
Why do you think I can't be fit for the job?
你为何认为我不适合那项工作?
A few students in our class, I think, are not interested in English.
我们班上有几个学生对英语不感兴趣,我想。
4. think的宾语从句中含有下列两类词时,宾语从句的否定不转移。
a. 含有no, never, nothing, nobody等否定词时:
I think he has nothing to do with it.
我认为他与那事无关。
b. 含有not at all, not a bit, not a little, not...enough, can't help doing等固定词组时:
I think he is not happy at all.
我认为他一点也不高兴。
5. think充当下列两种情况的谓语时,宾语从句的否定不转移。
a. 当think和另一个动词构成并列谓语时,宾语从句的否定不转移:
I think and hope you won't lose heart even if you fail.
我认为并希望,即使是失败了,你们也不会失去信心的。
b. 当think用作虚拟式谓语had thought,表示“本来认为……”时:
I had thought Lynn hadn't passed the English exam.
我原以为林恩英语没考及格。