Ever since the temple was destroyed Jews have gone there to weep and to pray that their country,which the ancient Romans took from them, would be restored to them. It is called the Wailing Wall. Jews lived in many countries but there was no Jewish country that they could call their own. After World War II, however, the United Nations voted to divide Palestine into two parts. One part, they said, should be for Jews and would be the country that Jews for two thousand years had prayed to have. The other part, the United Nations said, should be for the many Arab Mohammedans who lived in Palestine. So at last the Jews had a country of their own.They named it Israel. Israel is the part of Palestine on the east next to the Mediterranean Sea. The westernpart of Palestine became part of the Arab country of Jordan. Jerusalem, which is the holy city for both Mohammedans and Jews, was divided also. The western and newer part of Jerusalem belongs to Israel and the eastern and older part belongs to the Mohammedans.

Israel is a republic. Though some of the oldest cities in the World are in Israel, the Jews made one of the newest cities in the World the capital of the new country, the city of Tel Aviv.Tel Aviv has modern buildings and wide straight streets and it is very clean and neat, much different from the old cities with their narrow, dirty streets. Many Jews from other countries have gone to live in Israel. They are welcome there, for Israel is the home land of the Jews.