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And both Democrat and Republican partisans would tend to say this map is pretty misleading
民主党和共和党人可能都会觉得这幅地图反映的情况不真实
We just look at that
让我们来看看
Let's start with a perspective of partisans from Democratic party
我们现从民主党支持者的角度来看
Let's say, you look at that map
看到这幅地图时
and Untied States looks Republican but we know it's split
我们似乎会觉得美国是共和党人的天下但其实我们知道选民并不是一边倒的
We know it's very evenly split
相反支持两党的人数旗鼓相当
At least in this election
至少在04年的大选中是这样的
While, why not do a cartogram
如果我们将其改为统计地图会怎样呢?
A cartogram is a map where you change the size of different areas on the basis of some other variable
统计地图是一种根据不同的变量及其数据改变区域面积的地图
In this case, population
现在我们将人口作为变量
So you simply deform the map to make populous states
很明显那些人口众多的州会发生变形
Like California much larger than sparsely populated states like Montana
如加州就比像蒙大拿这些人口稀疏的州要大得多
This is put together by a team of physicists in the University of Michigan
这幅图是由密歇根大学的物理学家合成的
I believe they are all physicists
我想他们都是物理学家
Mark Newman, Michel Gaston, Cozma Shalizi
Mark Newman，Michel Gaston，Cozma Shalizi
Visit their website, it is wonderful
建议你们去看看他们的网站，很神奇
And sure, they don't have a lot but we they do is amazing
虽然上面只有少量地图，但他们已经完成的地图都是非常出色的
You'll see that other maps later on
迟些会给你们看一些他们的其他作品
To do this mathematical transformations
完成这些作品需要做一些数学上的换算
So you do that mathematical transformations and what do you see
那么做了数学上的处理之后，你发现了什么现象呢?
You see a pretty evenly divided country in terms of population
你发现在全国范围内，两党支持者的人数其实不相上下
As we know, happened from the voting pattern
我们知道，这和选民的投票倾向是有关系的
Yes? it's on that syllabus
请提问？网站的名字我写在教学大纲里了
So the back side of syllabus has important information on website
大纲背面有很多相关网站的信息
I think I actually have the URL there
我想我已经把它们的链接写在那了
So you can check that out
你们看看有没有
Republican partisans often say that map of red and blue is misleading
共和党人常说这幅红蓝地图很误导人
that it's exaggerating the Democratic voting areas
他们说它放大了支持民主党的区域
because even you go into blue states
因为即使是在民主党获胜的蓝色州
You'll find that vast areas of those blue states are solidly Republican voting
你也会发现大片共和党的支持区域
So here is California in 2004
来看看04年加州的情况
Unfortunately, the color distinctions have washed out a little bit
不太理想的是，这里颜色区分度变得不太明显
but in the original if you go to the Dave Leip's Atlas
如果你上DaveLeip'sAtlas看原图
Very clearly Republican, excuse me,
你会发现
Democratic voting you can see that these counties in the bay area
这些旧金山湾区域的县都是明显支持民主党的
Compare that to the central valley, San Joaquin valley
而在中央谷，圣华金谷则相反
Actually you get over Modoc and Lassen counties are
如果你看到默多克县和拉森县
Well over 70% Republican voting
会发现那里共和党的支持率超过70%
Southern California, Los Angles county, Santa Barbarra county went for Kerry
南加州地区除了洛杉矶县和圣塔芭芭拉县支持民主党人克里
but other counties certainly Orange county San Diego and Riverside
其他县如橙县，圣地亚哥，利维塞得
and San Bernardino, Ventura, San Luis Obispo as well went Republican
圣布那的诺，文图拉以及圣路易斯奥比斯波县都是共和党获胜
So there are vast swath of California that are heavily Republican in their voting pattern
所以即使在加州也有一大片支持共和党的区域
But if you spend any time in the San Joaquin valley
所以你只要在圣华金谷待上一段时间
You'll figure it out pretty quickly
你很快就会发现他们的确倾向共和党
Bakersfield is really part of the south central Untied States culturally
贝克斯菲尔德是美国中南部文化中心之一
in terms of music, even accent to some degree
在音乐甚至口音方面都有着重要地位
Church going anyway you want look at it
教堂随处可见
Kern county especially doesn't fit in the rest of California.It's different
科恩县是一个特别的县和加州的其他县不太一样
That is Mono county and Alpine county very sparse population
Mono县和Alpine县人口非常稀疏
