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Here's the poorest counties of Alabama
右边的是阿拉巴马几个最穷的县
and you can see how poor they can be
从数据可以看到，这些县真的非常贫困
$17,000 for household income
每个家庭年收入仅为17000美元
32% percent for Bush 29% and so on
这些州有32%支持布什的，29%支持布什的
All these poor counties are all substantially African-American majority counties
所有的这些情况贫困的县都是庞大的黑人聚集地
but the pattern though is the opposite from the red states to blue states
对比加州可知，在这方面红色州与蓝色州相反
With California and Alabama I think forming the sort of two extremes
加州和阿拉巴马是两种极端情况
which leads then to a big paradox
这形成了一个很大的矛盾
Rich places vote for the Democratic party
富裕的州倾向于民主党
Rich people vote for the Republican party
富裕的人倾向于共和党
How do we deal with this?
这种现象应该怎么解释呢?
Income and voting, for the Bush vote, again
再次来看这个收入及布什支持率表
Household income over $200,000, 62% for Bush
家庭收入超过2万美金的选民中，有62%的人支持布什
over $50,000,57%, under $50,000,45%, under $15,000, 36%
家庭收入过5万美金的 57%，收入低于5万美金的支持率为45%，收入低于一万五千美金的仅为36%
This is a real central paradox
这就是矛盾的中心所在
Really to understand this
要搞明白这个问题
You really get some insight into
你必须仔细研究
how the American election is geographically structured
美国的选情在地理上如何分布
and if you want a excellent overview of this
如果你想要清晰地了解其大致情况
You can read a recently written book
你可以去读一本最近出版的书
called "red state, blue state, rich state, poor state" Andrew Gelman
《红色州，蓝色州，富裕州，贫穷州》作者是Andrew Gelman
"Why Americans Vote the Way They Do"
该书分析了美国人根据什么来投票
He has a lot of interesting things to say
书中讨论了很多有意思的事情
Analyzing a tremendous amount of data
分析了大量的数据
What he would argue is that the poor people across the country vote pretty similarly
作者认为，美国所有的穷人都有着非常相似的投票倾向
They vote for the Democratic party, in general
总体来说，他们都倾向于支持民主党
In the red states more strongly so
在红色州的穷人反而更倾向于民主党
But still, it's a cross country pattern
不过这种概括是在全国的层面上分析的
We don't see it much in California
若具体到加州，这个概括则不起作用
perhaps and some other states
也许其他州也有与加州类似的现象
but it is through out the U.S
但全美大部分地区的确都有这个规律
Middle class and wealthier people are completely different story
中产阶级和相对富裕的人情况则截然不同
In the Republican voting states
在红色州
the middle class, and especially the upper class strongly Republican voting
中产阶级，尤其是上流社会，都是极忠实的共和党支持者
In the blue states, the middle class pretty clearly Democratic voting
在蓝色州，中产阶级很明显支持民主党
and the upper class, if you will, split
上流社会支持两党的人都有
So he argues that this red-blue divide is something that happened among the affluent
因此作者认为红蓝划分的关键因素在于富足阶层（中上阶层）的支持情况
That's where the real differences
是他们导致了真正的不同
He further argues that you can see this not just in voting
同时他还指出，你会发现，除了在投票方面
but in many other aspects of life
在很多其它方面也有这种情况
In a state like Alabama
例如在阿拉巴马州
affluent people far more likely to attend church than poor people
富人比穷人更愿意参加教会活动
and state like California, the opposite
而在加州，则情况相反
Alabama, affluent people far more likely to be culturally conservative
在阿拉巴马富人在文化上较为保守
In California, affluent people far more likely to be culturally liberal
而加州的富人在文化上则较为开放
So his argument really is one about the affluent
因此他认为造成这些差异的症结在于富人不同的态度和选择
half of the population or third of the population
富人常占一个州人口的1/2或1/3
Have you want to, pack that
你会看到
which has very different voting patterns and social attitudes from one part of the country to another
这些生活在美国不同地区的富人有着非常不同的投票倾向和社会态度
