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Segment 13 a Introduction
13a 内容介绍
When Marcus Aurelius' biological son, Commodus, became emperor in 180 AD the era of five good emperors went right down the toilet.
马可·奥勒留的亲生儿子康茂德在公元180年继位，意味着五贤帝时期的终结。
Whether Marcus had any one better to co-opt as his heirs, is anyone's guess.
没有人知道马可有没有更好的人选来择为继承人。
Despite the great achievements of the Anthonine emperors the Roman bureaucracy was getting bigger.
尽管安敦宁皇帝们取得了极大的成就，罗马的官僚作风却也在渐长。
And the Romans themselves frankly were getting a bit complacent.
罗马人自己说实话，也开始自鸣得意。
Most worrisome was the increasing barbarian action on Rome's northern and eastern frontiers.
最令人担忧的是，罗马北部和东部边疆野蛮人的进攻日益增多。
The skills with which the Anthonines had balanced Rome's military and social needs became all the more evident when an absolute lunatic became emperor.
有这么一个绝对是疯子的人成为皇帝之前安敦宁皇帝们权衡军事和社会需求的技巧本领就显得更出众了。
The Severin dynasty 193 to 235 AD held the line for a short time by focusing on military needs.
公元193到235年之间的塞维鲁王朝坚定不移地注重于军事需求。
But once the Severin dynasty fell the days of the Pax Romano were over.
但是一旦塞维鲁王朝衰亡，罗马和平时期也就此终结。
The crisis of the third century 235 to 284 AD which followed the end of the Pax Romano was probably inevitable.
之后公元235到284年间的危机，可能也是无法避免的了。
The borders were crumbling while the government itself collapsed.
随着政府自身的坍塌，边境线也在崩塌。
As many as thirty men were named Imperator during this time.
这一时期皇帝像走马灯似的换了多达三十位。
And the empire came very close to imploding.
罗马帝国濒临内爆。
The only cure for what ailed the empire involved dumping the principate for a totalitarian dictatorship better known as the Dominate.
唯一能够拯救罗马帝国的方法就是抛弃元首统治，采取极权主义独裁，也就是主宰统治。
In segment 13 b the Roman imperial military
13b 罗马帝国军队
we take a look at how Augustus' leaner meaner army worked.
我们要看一看奥古斯都精简过的军队是怎样运作的。
Commanded by tested and experienced generals it served its purpose well when a strong intelligent princeps lead the Roman state.
当时的军队由合格有经验的将军带领，完全发挥了自身作用，那时领导罗马政府的也是一位明君。
Most of Rome's soldiers by this time were not roman or even Italian,
当时罗马大多数的士兵都不是罗马人或者意大利人，
but this diversity was again a source of strength,
但这种多元化结构再次成为了力量之源，
non citizens who served in the army not only assisted the empire with their service,
这些非罗马公民参军帮助了罗马帝国，
but the empire assisted them by making them citizens once they were retired.
罗马帝国也帮助了他们，他们一旦退伍就会得到罗马公民身份。
