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Segment 12e Conclusions
12e 结论
One: Rome's civilizing mission
第一点 罗马的开化使命
Some of the Roman Empire's peoples needed all the civilizing they could get,
罗马帝国的一些民众需要尽可能多的得到开化
as in Gaul and my own ancient ancestors in Great Britain.
例如高卢地区以及我祖先居住的大不列颠地区。
Some had already been civilized for millennia before Romulus and Remus went up the hill, as was the case in ancient Egypt.
而一些民众早在罗慕勒斯和雷摩斯创建古罗马之前就已经得到了开化，例如古埃及人。
Regardless for more than two centuries the roman empire excelled in giving their subjects the best government possible at the time.
尽管如此在二百多年里，罗马帝国一直都为其子民提供了当时最好的政府。
Not to say that lower class people or women or certain minorities did not get more than their fair share of abuse. They did.
当然这并不是说当时的下层阶级女性或者少数群体就没有受到不公平对待
But rich or poor alike they got the rule of law, a secure lifestyle within secure borders
但是不管贫富，他们都享受到了法制，生活安定，边疆稳定，
and the chance to better their lives through hard work.
努力工作就有可能过上更好的生活。
The empire heeded Vergil's call to spare the vanquished in fact the Romans usually assimilated their vanquished.
罗马帝国听取维吉尔的号召，宽大对待被击败的敌人，事实上，他们通常会同化战败方。
Yet the Roman empires, emprerors had less luck with humbling the haughty.
但是罗马帝国的皇帝们在挫败傲慢敌人方面却不太幸运。
The Deitian war the wars with the Persians were very costly, the Romans however did not get so caught up in this that they lost sight of the nation's best interests.
和波斯人的战争就代价高昂，但是罗马人并没有盲目于此而忽视了国家的最大利益。
Two: Co-option works
第二点 共择和平传位
When Domician went to his eternal reward in 96 AD leaving behind no heir the Roman senate had a chance to restore the republic.
公元96年，图密善辞世没有留下继承人，罗马议会有机会重建共和国政府，
They decided not to, instead the senator Nerva was appointed Princeps with the understanding that he would adopt the successful general Trajan as his heir.
但是他们并没有这么做，而是选派涅尔瓦为继位者并且达成谅解，他会认养图拉真将军为其继承人。
This policy of co-option solved the problem of ensuring a smooth transfer of power to a worthy successor.
这种共择和平传位的方式确保了权力能够顺利过渡给有资质的继位者。
Although the five good emperors each had different personalities and different strengths they shared one major concern.
尽管五贤帝性格各不相同，长处也各异，但是他们有着共同的关切。
They all believed that the princeps was there to promote the well being of the human race. The Solace Generus Humani.
那就是，他们认为君主的存在是为了促进全人类的福祉，对天下苍生负责。
Marcus Aurelius last of the five good emperors believed that his biological son Commodus would rule the same way.
马可·奥勒留是五贤帝里的最后一位他相信自己的亲儿子康茂德也会继续同样的统治，
Unfortunately Commodus flushed it right down the commode.
然而遗憾的是，康茂德将帝国带向了下坡路。
Three: diversity is good
第三点 多样性的益处
The wise republican policy of letting Plebians intermarry with Patricians had enhanced Roman diversity from the third century BC onwards.
公元前三世纪，罗马共和国推行了非常明智的政策，允许平民和贵族通婚，这极大地增强了罗马人口的多样性。
