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Let's talk about capillaries.
下面我们来看毛细血管的内容
There are actually three different major types of capillaries
毛细血管实际有三种类型
I'm gonna just kind of sketch out all three.
我们分别介绍一下这三种
I've started with the continuous one.
我们先从连续的毛细血管开始
I've drew it out to save us a little bit of time
我已经提前画好了，这样节约一点视频的时间
and the continuous capillaries is actually the one that you see most commonly throughout the body.
连续毛细血管也是身体中最常见的
That's why I want to start with this one.
所以我们先来介绍这一种
Couple of things you'll notice, you'll see that there are 4 nuclei, so four cells here,
首先大家看这有四个细胞核
making up the part of the capillary we're looking at.
这构成了我们在看的毛细血管
And there's red blood cell moving through it, right?
同时有红细胞穿过血管
And you actually have the cross-section on the right side
右边是血管的横截面
so you can actually see if we were to cut along that face that I've cut.
那么如果我们从这个面切一下
This is what you would actually see.
这就是大家看到的景象
Now there are two specific things I want to point out.
我想要讲明两点
One is that there's a little gap here between these two cells.
首先，这两个细胞之间有一个间隙
I'm sketching it in yellow just to really point it out and that gap is called intercellular,
我用黄色标注一下，这个间隙就叫细胞间隙，
because it's between cells, intercellular cleft.
intercellular的意思就是“细胞间”
So the intercellular cleft is that yellow streak that I just drew.
细胞间隙的意思就是我刚画的这个黄色长条
And if I was to point it out on this cross-section it would be right there.
如果在横截面上标一下的话，就在这里
You can see a little hole between the two where they don't really meet up.
这两者之间有一个小洞是细胞没有接触的地方
Now there are two more spots I want to point out.
好，还有其他地方需要强调一下
One right there and one right there in yellow.
这里，和黄色的这里
And they correspond to this spot and this spot.
分别对应这两点
And there is actually really nice joining between the two cells and we call them tight junctions.
这两个细胞之间是存在连接的，叫做细胞间紧密连接
Kind of a good name for it, I suppose. You can kind of see why they are called that.
这个名字很贴切，很容易理解它的意思
And these tight junctions are right there, labelled with my yellow arrows.
细胞间紧密连接在这里，我用黄色箭头标注一下
Now one thing I haven't drawn,
有一个我没有画的地方
I'm gonna sketch out right here is in green and this kind of is a layer beneath all these cells.
我用绿色画一下，这是细胞之下的一层
These cells make up the wall of my capillary but behind them
这些细胞构成毛细血管壁
so that the blood doesn't actually see this layer, except for at the intercellular cleft, is a layer called the basement membrane.
在毛细血管壁后边，血液不接触的这一层，叫血管基膜
So this green stuff that I'm drawing for you- this is our basement membrane.
我用绿色画出来的这部分，就是基膜
And this basement membrane is basically like a foundation for a house.
基膜对细胞来说，就像房子的地基
It's gonna keep our cells kind of grounded and keep them in place.
使得细胞内的物质呆在各自的位置
And that layer is largely made up of proteins
基膜主要由蛋白质构成
