评论
打印
Segment 12d, church and state in the early empire
12d 罗马帝国早期的教堂和政府
The roman state religion greatly helped the Roman sense of solidarity and helped enhance the status of the Roman emperors.
罗马国教极大地帮助了罗马人团结起来，也帮助增强了罗马皇帝的地位。
Yet its fixation on maintaining the pax deiorum, peace of the gods, and its contractual 'du ot des',
但是它专注于维持神灵的和平以及
'I give so that you may give' relationship between humans and deities could never have satisfied the Roman's deeper spiritual needs.
人和神明之间相互给予的契约关系，这是不能满足罗马人更深层次的精神需求的。
Eastern religions which directly addressed spiritual needs such as Judaism,
而那些直接解决精神需求的东方宗教，例如犹太教，
or the religion of the ancient Egyptian goddess Isis were tolerated in Rome
或者古埃及女神伊希斯宗教在罗马也得到了宗教容忍，
as long as they did not offend the Mos Majorum and sometimes even when they did.
只要它们不侵犯古罗马的传统，甚至有时有所侵犯，也会被容忍。
The Asian cult of the Magna mater imported towards the end of the second Punic war in 205 BC
公元前205年签署腓尼基和约后，
included the self-castrated eunuch priests of their self-castrated god Attis. Ouch.
罗马引进了众神之母的信仰包括自我阉割的神阿提斯。
Yet their belief systems were never incorporated into the Roman state religion.
但是它们的这些信仰体系并没有融入罗马国教之中。
Indeed religions deemed harmful to the state were actively attacked
被认为对罗马有坏处的宗教事实上都遭到了攻击，
as was the case with the Boccic religion of the Greek wine god Dionysus in 188 BC.
例如公元前188年的希腊酒神狄俄尼索斯巴克斯宗教。
It was one thing to embrace the Greeks' Hellenistic art, science, literature and philosophy but the senate was less happy with the prospect of decent Roman men and worse yet, women, actively worshipping the cross dressing Greek god of wine and partying.
罗马政府愿意接纳希腊的艺术，科学，文学和哲学，但是并不乐于见到体面的罗马男人甚至是女人打扮成希腊酒神，狂欢聚会，崇拜神明。
The consuls were instructed to stamp the Boccic religion out and many Romans chose death over disavowing the divinity of Dionysus.
政府下令让执政官打压巴克斯宗教，但是很多罗马人宁死不屈，不愿推翻狄俄尼索斯神灵。
But the Boccic religion for all that did not go away,
巴克斯宗教也没有就此消亡，
the rooms of Pompei destroyed by volcanic eruption in 79 AD show evidence of Boccic temples.
公元79年毁于火山爆发的庞贝城遗址显示当时仍有巴克斯寺庙，
It seems, and this is especially true of difficult times that you just can't keep a good mystery religion down.
看起来在艰难时期，一个神秘的好宗教是难以打倒的。
Beginning with Augustus the Roman state religion included the Hellenistic practice of emperor worship.
从奥古斯都开始，罗马国教就加入了皇帝崇拜的希腊惯例。
Emperor worship appealed to the people of the Greek East and made sense to the less civilized people of the West,
皇帝崇拜对于希腊东部地区的人民而言很具吸引力，也得到了西部欠开化人民的理解，
but offended educated Romans and offered absolutely nothing to spiritual seekers in general.
却冒犯了受过教育的罗马人，对于通常的信徒也没有什么益处。
The seeds of Christianity would fall upon fertile soil.
基督教的种子拥有了沃土。
Historically Christianity developed from the Jewish faith,
从历史上看，基督教从犹太信仰发展而来，
Jesus of Nazareth was himself a Jew as were all his earliest followers. So a few words about the Jews are in order.
拿撒勒的耶稣，自己就是个犹太人 他的早期跟随者也都是。因此我们要稍微讲一下犹太人。
Wherever in the world fortune had taken the Jews the Jews retained their unique customs
犹太人不管身处世界何处都保留着自己独特的风俗
and unique language and their unique faith in one ethical god. Who had selected the Jews as his chosen people.
语言和单一神信仰，犹太人是上帝的选民。
