评论
打印
The first of these was adopting as his heir, the Spanish general Marcus Ulpianus Trianus.
首先就是收养西班牙将军马库斯·乌尔比斯·特拉扬努斯为继承人。
Better known as the emperor Trajan. This practice of selecting a qualified adult male, adopting him into the imperial family and grooming him for the job is called co-option.
也就是后来的图拉真皇帝。这种挑选一个资质合格的成年男性，收养进入皇室家庭，培养其成为继任者。
Co-option was the primary reason for the success of the 5 good emperors because co-option guaranteed an orderly transition of the empire to a worthy successor roman government remained amazingly stable during this time.
叫做共择和平传位五贤帝时期之所以获得统治成功，正是因为这种和平传位方式保证了皇位继承上的平稳有序过渡，并且能够传给有资质的人，因此这一时期罗马政府非常的稳定。
In turn good government furthered the good of the Roman Empire and the Roman people.
良好的政府也就带来了良好的罗马帝国和罗马人民。
Sadly the pattern of co-option was broken when the philosopher king Marcus Aurelius left the empire to his biological son Commodus with disastrous results. When Trajan took over the empire in 98 AD he demonstrated strong imperialistic tendencies.
遗憾的是，哲学皇帝马可·奥勒留将皇位传给自己的亲儿子康茂德，打破了这种共择传位方式，也招致了灾难后果。公元98年图拉真接管帝国的时候，他展现出了强烈的帝国主义倾向。
Feeling that the best defense was a strong proactive offense Trajan greatly expanded the empire's boundaries.
图拉真认为最好的防御就是强有力的先发制人的供给，因此他极大地扩张了帝国的边界
He captured Deitia in 106 AD and Mesopotamia by 116 AD.
于公元106年和116年分别攻下了达契亚和美索不达米亚。
Despite his fighting spirit though Trajan exhibited a great deal of tolerance to Romans, even for the otherwise suspicious Christians.
虽然图拉真斗志高昂，但对于罗马人却展现出了极为宽容的态度，甚至是对可疑的基督徒也非常宽容。
Trajan was followed by two capable administrators; Hadrian, 117 to 138 AD and Anthonius Pius 138 to 161 AD.
图拉真之后继位的两位贤君，哈德良，公元117到138年，和安托尼乌斯披乌斯，公元138到161年。
Hadrian thought that conquests for conquests' sake, was wasteful therefore he withdrew the Roman armies from Mesopotamia.
哈德良认为，为了征服而征服太过挥霍浪费，因此把罗马军队从美索不达米亚撤回。
Instead Hadrian went back to Augustus' theory of follow—of creating easily defensible borders.
继续沿用奥古斯都的做法，创造容易防御的边境。
Hadrian also visited as much of his empire as he possible could, meeting the people he served as emperor and personally directing improvements to the empire's infrastructure.
哈德良也尽可能多地巡访了罗马帝国，与他作为皇帝所服务的民众进行会面，并且亲自指导改善罗马帝国的基础设施建设。
Anthonius Pius continued his adoptive father's policies in a reign known primarily for being so uneventful.
安托尼乌斯·披乌斯沿袭了他养父的执政政策，统治期间各方面都平淡无事。
His adoptive son Marcus Aurelius ruled 161 to 180 AD Marcus followed the same steady approach to government even though he had to spend most of his time fighting barbarians on the frontier.
他的养子，马可·奥勒留从公元161到180年间执政，马可也采取了同样的平稳执政方式，不过他不得不花费大量的时间解决边境与野蛮人作战的问题。
