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Segment 11e Conclusions
11章E总结
One:peace is good
一:和平是美好的
Rome had been wracked by 7 decades of civil war, some of which took place on the fringes of the empire
70年的内战使罗马受到严重摧残，这些战争有的发生在帝国边界，
and some of which took place in the streets of Rome.
有的就发生在罗马的街道上。
The Republican form of government had been broken for good by greedy aristocrats power hungry warlords,
共和国政府由于贪婪的贵族和军阀势力，
dimwit wannabe reformers, and the sheep-like masses.
自以为是的改革者，软弱的大众而变的四分五裂。
There was peace on the frontiers although this had to do more with the lack of enemies than with anything the Romans were doing right.
边疆的和平本应该取决于外部敌军的减少而不是罗马帝国现在正经历的内战。
This blessed state could not be expected to go on forever.
上帝的保佑并不能永远持续下去。
Indeed the more the Romans fought themselves in civil wars the greater the chance that an evil empire might in fact reappear.
事实上罗马帝国越是在内战中深陷，就越有可能再次出现一个邪恶的帝国。
The cycles of civil war were destroying the Roman Empire's resources and infrastructure.
循环的内战摧毁了罗马帝国的资源和基础设施。
They were digging a hole in the Roman economy the madness had to stop.
罗马的经济出现了一个大洞，疯狂的行为必须停止。
Julius Caesar thought he had a solution for the problem and he wound up as a human pincushion.
尤里乌斯·凯撒拿出了对此的解决方案，他就像一根针一样紧张。
Two:recipe for a principate
二:元首秘方
The republic was broken all right Julius Caesar didn't have a clue how to fix it,
共和国覆灭了，凯撒对于如何修复这一帝国毫无头绪，
even though it looked like he was considering a monarchy we don't know for sure.
虽然看起来他在考虑君主制，但是我们并不能确定。
One way or the other you know it got him killed.
不管怎样，他对此毫无办法。
The mere notion that he was considering monarchy, remember the opposition of democracy versus the role of the individual,
他对君主制想出的唯一的概念，民主的对立面，个人的角色，
Julius came out on the wrong side of that equation.
尤里乌斯得出的是反面等式。
Augustus left the facade of the republic in place, complete with its assemblies, complete with the annual elections on the good old curses hanorum.
奥古斯都恰当地建立了共和的假象，包括议会，包括每年的选举还有原来的一系列官职。
But once Augustus got himself lifetime Proconsular Imperial,
但是一旦奥古斯都成为终生的地方总督皇帝
once he got himself lifetime tribunician power once he became Pontifex Maximus
一旦他掌控终身政治大权，一旦他成为最高祭司，
he effectively controlled the Roman army the roman political process and the roman religion.
他就有效的控制了罗马的军队，罗马的政治程序，罗马的宗教。
And if all that failed he still had 180 000 veteran soldiers who had sworn an oath to obey him, Imperator Augustus Caesar.
然而如果这一切都失败了 他还有十八万退伍军人，他们都宣誓效忠于他，奥古斯都凯撒皇帝
Three:propaganda helps
三:宣传的作用
Augustus never missed a chance to make himself or the principate look good,
奥古斯都从没放过任何一个机会来美化他自己和元首制，
he cultivated the simplest lifestyle possible for a man who literally ruled the world.
他养成了统治者可能的最简单的生活方式。
He lived in a modest home, he wore clothes which his wife Olivia wove for him.
他住在一间简陋的屋子里，穿着他的妻子奥利维亚为他补的衣服。
When Augustus' daughter Julia misbehaved one too many times he sent her to rot on a remote island.
他的女儿茱莉亚多次行为不检点，他把她送去了遥远的荒岛自生自灭。
