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Segment 12a Introduction
12a 介绍
For many years historians believed that the time of the Pax Romano 31 BC to 235 AD was the happiest time in human existence.
很多年来 历史学家都认为公元前31年到公元235年的罗马和平时期是人类史上最快乐的时期。
A regular golden age. The highpoint of the Pax Romano lasted from 96 AD to 180 AD when Rome was ruled by the so-called five good emperors.
是持久的黄金时代 罗马和平时期的盛世期又是从公元96年到180年，这段时期里统治罗马的是罗马五贤帝。
Modern times and thorough historical enquiry have corrected this picture somewhat.
不过 现代全面深入的历史调查已经修正了这幅图景。
The roman standard of living was poorer all around than it is today especially for the lower classes.
罗马的生活水平比如今要低很多 尤其是下层人民的生活。
Life expectancy back then was no doubt much lower than it is today.
当时的人均寿命无疑也比今天要低出许多。
The government at best the Principate was at best a benign tyranny.
罗马时期的元首统治最多不过是温和的暴政。
Yet life in the Roman Empire during the time of the Pax Romano was indeed I would say a highpoint of ancient civilization.
不过 罗马和平时期罗马帝国的生活水平可以说的确是达到了古代文明的高峰。
Our nations founders were inspired by the achievements of the Romans during this time and they wanted to emulate them.
我们国家的创立人被罗马人在这个时期的成就所鼓舞，想要超越他们。
The pax romano is therefore well worth examining.
因此，罗马和平时期是非常值得我们好好研究的。
Segment 12b Pax Romano
12b 罗马和平
Looks at the nuts and bolts of Roman peace Just how did Roman civilization function in various parts of the empire,
罗马和平时期的基本要点罗马帝国文明的各部分是如何运转的，
how was the empire as a whole held together?
整个罗马帝国又是如何维持一个整体的？
The roman army was stripped down to an economical hardcore of veterans.
罗马军队被精简为老兵的核心力量。
Focused more on playing defense than on offense.
更注重于防御而非进攻。
Roman legions were stationed at known danger spots with the ability to move fast and strike hard.
罗马军团驻守在危险地带，能够快速移动，迅猛出击。
This policy of defense freed up money to be spent on social needs and upon improving the empire's infrastructure.
这种防御政策节减了开支，使得更多钱财可以用于满足社会需求和改善罗马帝国的。
A rough social safety net was created called the Alimenta and the empire itself positively sprouted baths, theatres, aqueducts and roads.
基础设施 此外还初步创立了社会保障机制，称为供养政策，并且帝国也积极修建了公共澡堂，戏院，输水道和道路。
One important part of Rome's civilizing mission was this very great diversity.
罗马文明的一个重要特征就是它非常的多样化。
Roman citizenship could be granted and enjoyed regardless of race, creed or native language.
不管拥有什么种族，宗教信仰，或者本土语言都可以成为罗马公民并享有相应公民权。
This diversity also brought needed new blood into the Roman culture, especially to the roman upper classes.
这样的多样性也为罗马文化注入了所需的新鲜血液，尤其有利于罗马的上层阶级。
As when the Romans first encountered Hellenistic culture the Romans didn't look down their noses at the people they had conquered.
罗马人首次接触希腊文化的时候 并没有因为自己征服了希腊就瞧不起希腊人。
The Romans continued to adapt intelligently to new ways at the same time preserving the beloved Mos Majorum
他们继续适应新的文化同时也保留着自己祖先的遗风，
and profiting from interaction with new people and different ways.
从与新文化的打交道中受益。
In segment 12c The five good emperors
12c 五贤帝
We examine the definite high point of Roman civilization even if it really wasn't the high point of world history.
我们要考察罗马文明的至高点，尽管这并不能算是世界历史上的最高点。
