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Nero at this point deposed himself by committing suicide but the army in Germany declared its general Vitellius as Imperator.
这时尼禄用自杀结束了自己的统治，但德国的军队拥立他们的将军维特里乌斯为王。
Galba freaked out he offended both the senate then the Praetorian Guard
加尔巴倒台，他冒犯了元老院和近卫军，
and he wound up assassinated in the forum unimpressed with Vitellius the senate named one of their own,
他被广场刺杀吓着了，由于对维特里乌斯并没有什么印象，
a former lover of Nero, named Otho as Imperator.
元老院提名尼禄之前的爱人，叫做奥索为皇帝。
Vitellius killed Otho but then Titus Flavius Vespasianus governor of Judea and ancient Egypt was declared Imperator by his troops.
维特里乌斯杀死了奥索，但是提图斯·弗拉维乌斯·维斯帕西亚努斯朱迪亚和古埃及的统治者被他的军队拥立为王 。
Vespasian defeated Vitellius and held on to the empire rounding off the year of four emperors.
维斯帕先打败了维特里乌斯，使罗马帝国结束了四个皇帝的时期。
Fortunately you wont be expected to barf that back in detail on a test.
幸运的是大家并不用在考试中再回顾一遍这恶心的内容，
What I want you to remember is that the Principate designed by Augustus was so stable that
我希望大家记住的是奥古斯都创造的元首制非常稳定，
it survived a year 68 to 69 AD with four count, four emperors, and came back stronger than ever.
它在经历了公元68至69年四个皇帝后变得比以前更加稳定。
You should also remember both the bad things and the good things about Vespasian's victory.
大家还需要记住维斯帕先皇帝胜利的好的一面和坏的一面。
The bad news is that the principate clearly depended strictly on control of the military.
坏的一面是元首制巩固了军队的绝对严格控制。
The client army loyal only to its Imperator had reappeared on the military scene.
私人军队只忠诚于自己的国王使得军事局面反复出现。
And as Vespasian and his sons demonstrated a strong military man could perform responsibly as Princeps.
随着维斯帕先和他的儿子训练了一支非常强大的军队只听命于元首。
A middle class Italian that is to say he was not born in Rome proper, Vespasian ruled with an iron fist from 69 to 79 AD.
中产阶级的意大利人意味着他不是严格意义上的罗马人，维斯帕先在公元69至79年奉行铁腕政权。
He passed a law setting out his powers as Princeps.
他通过了一项法律阐明的他的权力最大。
The Principate was inherited first by his older son Titus 79 through 81 AD and then by his younger son Domician 81 through 96 AD.
元首制首次由他的大儿子提图斯继承公元79至81年 然后他的小儿子多米西恩在公元81至96年执政。
The three emperors of the so-called Flavian dynasty ruled responsibly.
这三位皇帝开启了弗拉维王朝，并认真负责的执政。
Balancing military, financial and social concerns as best they could for example,
比如他们平衡军队，关注财政和社会问题，尽可能做到最好，
Vespasian knocked down Nero's golden house built on the site of the 64 AD fire.
维斯帕先拆掉了尼禄建在64年火灾现场的金房子。
And replaced it with a stadium that they called the Flavian amphitheatre.
在那建起了一座体育场，人称福雷维安圆形剧场。
You might know it better as the Colloseum. Domician his successor, ultimately descended into tyranny
大家更熟悉的名字可能是罗马斗兽场。他的继任者多米西恩完全走向暴政，
and was put out of Rome's misery by conspiracy including you guessed it, his Praetorian Prefect.
大家肯定能猜到是被近卫军长官推翻了。
With the death of Domician in 96AD the ball was once more in the court of the Roman senate.
公元96年 多米西恩去世，政权又一次落回了罗马长老院手中。
The line of 12 Caesars had died out, and restoration of the Republic was a distinct possibility.
凯撒12帝终结了，恢复共和制是很明确的可能。
But could the massive Roman Empire be ruled by annually elected magistrates answering to four, count them, four Roman assemblies?
但是庞大的罗马帝国有可能被每年由罗马四议会选举的地方法官所统治吗？
The senate had to admit the answer was no, it turned out Rome would need another Princeps. Beep.
元老院必须得承认答案是否定的，结果是罗马需要另外一位元首。
