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Octavian's brilliant arrangement which is known as the Principate,
屋大维的天才解决办法是元首制，
ruled by the Princeps or first man, could just as easily be termed a dictatorship
由元首统治很容易让人想到独裁
but comparing the two centuries of Pax Romano which resulted from the principate with the century of civil war
但是相比之前的内战，元首制带来的两百多年的罗马和平繁荣
which had preceded it the Principate literally saved the Roman empire.
实际上挽救了罗马皇帝。
Octavian was no saint;
屋大维不是圣人；
he could not fight Anthony in the Senatorial faction at the same time.
他不能同时在元老院派系上同安东尼斗争。
So he set up the second Triumvirate with Anthony and an Aristic counterweight named Lepidus or pretty boy.
因此他建立了后三巨头制度，其他两位是安东尼和雷必达或漂亮男孩
Unlike the so called first Triumvirate of Caesar, Crasses and Pompei,
和凯撒 克拉苏 庞培的前三巨头同盟不同的是，
the second Triumvirate of Octavian,
后三巨头
Anthony and pretty boy Lepidus was a legal arrangement backed up by Julius Caesar's adoring veterans.
屋大维 安东尼和漂亮男孩雷必达是由崇拜凯撒的退伍军人。
Unofficially the second triumvirate required its members to draw up a list of prescriptions.
拥立的法律安排，非官方情况下，后三巨头同盟需要成员拟定法规。
Atop Anthony's hit list was the name Markus Tolius Cicero leader of the Senatorial faction.
在安东尼的黑名单上有马库斯·图留斯·西塞罗是退伍军人的领导。
Rome's greatest orator was executed with Octavian's approval.
在屋大维的允许下罗马最伟大的演说家被处死了。
Yet at least the average roman was spared the reign of terror, which had followed the earlier civil wars.
然而至少普通的罗马人逃离了之前内战时期的恐怖统治。
In 42 BC the second triumvirate's forces stamped out the assassins of Julius Caesar.
在公元前42年 后三巨头同盟镇压了对尤里乌斯·凯撒的刺杀。
When Lepidus mis-, temporarily mistook himself for an equal partner,
当雷必达误认为自己是平等的合作伙伴时，
Octavian and Anthony kicked him upstairs to the job of Ponteous Maximus.
屋大维和安东尼把他踢开，让他去管潘特斯·马克西姆斯的工作 。
The next decade was spent in an uneasy peace between Octavian
过了10年，又让他陷入两难的境地
who ruled the Western Latin speaking half of the Roman world and Anthony who ruled the East Greek speaking half.
面临屋大维领导的西部讲拉丁语的罗马世界和安东尼领导的东部说希腊语的世界。
Although Anthony had married Octavian's sister, and Octavian's sister was a loyal wife to Anthony,
尽管安东尼的妻子是屋大维的妹妹，屋大维的妹妹对安东尼十分忠诚，
Anthony took up with a mistress the now wealthy Queen Cleopatra of ancient Egypt.
安东尼找了个情妇是古埃及皇后克利欧佩特拉。
Typically of Octavian he used this as propaganda against Anthony
屋大维利用这一点来宣传反对安东尼，
who dropped his dutiful matron Roman wife Octavia for an ancient Egyptian floozy.
指责安东尼抛弃罗马的糟糠之妻奥克塔维亚而去追求一个古埃及的荡妇。
Rumour even had it that Anthony wanted to leave the Eastern Roman empire to his children with Cleopatra, as king and queen.
流言甚至说安东尼想要以国王和王后身份，把东罗马帝国留给他和克利欧佩特拉的孩子。
A showdown eventually came;
一场决战最终到来了；
ended by Agrippa's victory at the battle of Actio in 31 BC.
公元前31年阿古利巴取得了亚克提姆战役的胜利。
After a year's worth of mop up activities in ancient Egypt 33 year old Octavian was sole ruler of the Roman world.
经历了一年多的肃清运动，在古埃及33岁的屋大维成为了罗马世界的唯一统治者。
