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Let me give a couple of examples of how patricians used those resources
我来讲几个例子，说明新家庭如何使用这笔财富
I mentioned earlier the early 16th century legislation
刚才我提到16世纪早期的法律
that required nobles to register the birth of their sons with government officials
规定贵族生下儿子后到政府官员处登记
in order to ensure their sons' patrician status
以确定新生儿的贵族资格
The father had to call in at least two witnesses who could vouch for the legitimacy of the marriage
父亲必须提供最少两个目击者来保证婚姻的合法性
And the social acceptability of the bride and mother
同时能承认孩子生母的社会身份
an action that entailed a monetary penalty if testimony proved false or incorrect
如果被发现作伪证则要处以罚金
Surprisingly this exercise was conducted with a marked lack of reliance on patrilineal kin
令人惊奇的是这一法规明显缺乏父系亲属的保障
Only one quarter in a sample of 83 birth registration entered in the golden book of the patriciate
83个登记入贵族金皮书的样本只有1/4的新生儿
belonged to either the father's or the mother's cazzata
从属父系或母系的家族
And what's really noteworthy is this exercise which after all was necessary
值得注意的是这一规定毕竟是必要的
for the continuity of the patriline's noble status
因它保障贵族身份的持续性
Drew only 18 percent of witnesses from the father's lineage
但却只有18%的证人来自父系家族
the majority of the others were almost certainly marital kin of the parents
其他中的大多数几乎是父母的婚姻亲属
I haven't done a systematic analysis
我没做过系统的分析
But I'll give one mind twisting example
不过有一个复杂的例子
of the extended and durable marriage connections that operated in golden book registrations
说明婚姻中延伸而长久的各种关系存在于金皮书的登记手续中
My wife said I probably shouldn't do this late on a Friday
我妻子觉得我不应该挑在星期五晚上做这个
But I'm gonna try it anyway
不过我还是要试试
In 1526 the one month old Andrea Arimondo was registered with as one witness
1526年一月大的Andrea Arimondo登记为一个证人
a brother of the husband of a sister of the child's father
是他父亲姐夫的兄弟
And as the other witness the husband of a sister of his mother
另一个证人是他的一个姨丈
That example shows reliance on a chain of marriage alliances
这个例子说明了公证依赖于婚姻的关系网
Extending outward from that of the child's parents to those of their siblings
它从夫妻双方向他们的兄弟姐妹延伸
It was the same thing with the marriage registrations that were mandated in a law of 1526
婚姻登记这一程序也一样，它是1526年强制推行的
For nobles who would want their son's patrician status recognized in 1506 you registered the birth of the son
对那些想要儿子的贵族身份得到认可的贵族1506年需登记的是出生
1526 they pushed back even further to the marriage
1526年更进一步，需证明婚姻的合法性
The marriage had to be registered before any son was born
必须在孩子诞生前就登记结婚
The marriage had to be reported by two near relatives of each spouse who had witnessed the wedding
需由男女双方各两名近亲提出登记，这两人都必须参加过婚礼
In 55 marriage registrations by 12 of these cazzate only 14 percent of the 215 close relatives
在12个宗族的55桩婚事中，这215名近亲只有14%
Belonged to the bride's or the groom's cazzata
从属于男方或女方的家族
The rest were related by marriage
其他人则和婚姻直接相关
This very conspicuous participation
这里显而易见
of persons from other cazzate in the most serious of a noble family's vital passages from birth through marriage
外族的人参与到贵族家庭中的人婚前最重要的事件中来
conveys the limited influence that lineage membership exercised on patrician social behavior
说明家族的成员不怎么影响到族人的社会行为
And the eagerness of families to spread their webs as social collaboration outside the male line
也说明新家庭热衷于扩展父系之外的社会关系网
Those extralineage ties show that the structures of patrilineal descent
这些非家族的关系纽带说明了虽然父系关系
That link the present to Venice's distant past
连结着威尼斯的今天和遥远的过去
And regulated the continuity of its individual cazzate its ruling elite and its regime had limited influence in the way
维护着单个家族的稳定将统治精英与政权相结合，却不怎么能够影响贵族们
Nobles conducted their family's social relations in practice
自身家庭的社交实践
