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Butylated Hydroxianisole or BHA is used as a preservative because it is an antioxidant
丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)主要用于防腐剂，因为它是一种抗氧化剂
that stabilizes and preserves freshness, nutrition, flavour and colour in both animal and human foods.
可以保持动物或人类食品的新鲜程度，营养物质，味道及色泽
BHA is currently approved by the FDA as a food additive.
目前该物质已被食药局批准为食物添加剂
But BHA has been hypothesized to cause cancer.
但它曾被怀疑会引起癌症
But is also been hypothesized to be an anti carcinogen as well.
也被怀疑是种抗癌物质
So what should you believe?
你会相信哪一点呢?
Lets look into the research about this food additive and cancer.
让我们深入观察一下关于这种添加剂和癌症的研究
It has been shown to have cancer causing effects in mice when in given in large doses
研究曾显示，如果给老鼠注入大量该物质会引起癌症
but has never been proven to cause cancer in humans.
但这种现象从未在人类身上发生
The main area where the cancer was found in research with mice was in the fore stomach
研究中老鼠患癌的主要部位是前胃
which humans do not have.
而人类并没有这个部位
Additionally the doses that were given to the mice
此外，为老鼠注入的丁基羟基茴香醚量
were more than the FDA allows to be added in our food.
比食药局规定的食物中此物质含量高
On the flip side research has also shown that BHA can have anti cancer effects
另一方面，研究发现该物质具有抗癌作用
because it inhibits cell to cell communication and therefore can stop the spread of cancer cells.
因为它阻断了细胞之间的信息传递，因此可以防止癌细胞扩散
But as a carcinogen a review article published in 1999
但是一篇于1999年发表的
that looked at information from the international agency for research
关注国际机构研究癌症信息的评论文章
on cancer evaluated BHA and found evidence that it had carcinogenic effects in animals but not in humans.
发现该物质在动物体内具有致癌作用，但在人体内则没有
It was found that when given in large doses
研究发现当大剂量注入该物质时
cancer and tumours were found in the fore stomach of mice.
老鼠的前胃会发现癌和肿瘤
In this study doses of BHA were given in doses of 98 milligrams and 414 milligrams.
这项研究分别向老鼠体内注入98和414毫克丁基羟基茴香醚
When given at large doses it was found that the incidence of fore stomach cancer in mice was 34.6% in males and 29.4% in females.
当注入大剂量时，34.6%的雄性老鼠前胃发现癌，而雌性老鼠仅为29.4%
But when given in low doses mice were found to have no malignant cancer.
但注入低剂量时老鼠体内没有发现恶性癌
Another study mentioned a review article by Elmo et al. published in 1990,
由Elmo et al于1990年发表的一篇文章提到另一项研究
note that BHA as a carcinogen in Japanese house mouse shrews that do not have a fore stomach.
认为该物质是致癌物该研究以没有前胃的日本家鼠鼩鼱为研究对象
BHA was given to male and female shrews for 80 weeks and given amounts of 0.5%, 1% and 2% incorporated into the diet.
分别向雄雌鼩鼱体内注入丁基羟基茴香醚长达80周且该物质占饮食比例分别为0.5%、1%和2%
The shrews that received the high doses dies within the first 8 weeks due to gastro intestinal hemorrhaging,
注入高剂量的鼩鼱于前八周就因肠胃出血而死亡
the low and middle dose groups had increased cell dose in the lungs
而注入中低量的鼩鼱肺部细胞增多
but this did not contain a control group and was not confirmed and therefore can not be considered creditable.
但该研究没有对照组也没有经过论证，因此没有可信度
There are multiple studies that also suggest BHA could be a possible anti carcinogen.
还有很多研究显示丁基羟基茴香醚可能是种抗癌物质
Studies show that BHA can inhibit carcinogenic effects of other chemicals when given in high doses or extremely small doses.
研究显示，当注入高剂量甚至很少该物质时，体内其他化学物质的致癌物会被阻断
In an article by Williams and Eantopus it was stated that these studies suggest that
Williams和Eantopus合著的文章认为这些研究表明
low doses of BHA inhibit carcinogenesis
在体内出现DNA活性致癌物之前
or the development of cancer when given prior to and during exposures to DNA reactive carcinogens.
或期间低剂量的注入该物质可以抑制致癌作用或减缓癌发展
Anti carcinogenic activity at low concentrations
由于游离基的封闭活动
has been suggested to be due to free radical trapping activity.
可能存在低集中度的抗癌活动
But when BHA was given in large amounts, greater than three percent in the diet
但当大剂量注入该物质，如占饮食比例的3%以上时
it was shown to inhibit carcinogenic effects when given before or during the cancer.
在患癌之前和之时都可以抑制癌的发展
Overall there needs to be more research done to support this anti carcinogenic conclusion.
总之，需要更多的研究来支撑该物质的抗癌作用
It has been shown to have anti cancer effects when given in small or large amounts
研究已显示无论大小剂量的注入该物质都可起到抗癌作用
but the research is still inconclusive.
但这些研究还不能下定论
