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When evaluating the safety of food additives
在评估食品添加剂的安全上
the following criteria are examined by the federal drug administration.
联邦药品管理局制定了以下几方面标准
The composition and the properties of the substance the amount that would typically be consumed,
添加剂的成分和性质使用的数量
immediate and long-term health effects and various other safety factors.
及时和长期的健康效应以及一些其他的安全因素
The FDA defines a food additive is safe when knowledgeable scientists can confirm that
食品及药物管理局规定,如果权威专家能够保证该种物质的使用无害
a substance is not harmful for its intended uses.
那么它就是安全的
The data must reflect safety depending on how it is going to be used,
数据必须从以下方面反应出它的安全性，如何使用添加剂，
how much will be consumed and the population that will be consuming the product.
使用数量是多少以及将食用这种产品的人口数
During the evaluation process by the FDA
在食品及药物管理局的评估过程中
the level that should be used is determined by a built in safety margin.
添加剂的使用量由规定的安全权限决定
And will only allow the use of minimal amounts that
而且该机构仅批准对人体无害
would be harmless for human consumption and not cause any negative effects.
且不会产生消极影响的最低剂量
After the criteria is investigated the FDA makes their judgment based on the scientific evidence
做完使用标准的调查并在科学证明的基础上
that is available to determine that the additive will cause no negative side effect.
食品及药物管理局认定添加剂的使用不会给人体带来副作用
The generally recognized as safe, or GRAS,
条目GRAS(一般认为安全的)就是
the term is used by the FDA to describe products that are added to our food.
食药局用来形容加入食品中的产品的
Items on the GRAS list are scientifically proven to be safe.
GRAS清单上的所有物质都是科学认证的安全产品
If the FDA does not approve a product
如果食药局没有认证某种物质
they will take the action to prevent the distribution of that product.
那么他就会禁止这种物质的流通使用
Products must be proven to be safe for the intended use
某种物质只有在被验证安全后
before they are allowed to be placed on the market for consumers to purchase.
才能进入市场供消费者购买
There are two types of food additives, direct and indirect.
市场上主要有两种添加剂，直接型和间接型的
A direct food additive is what is added to food for a specific purpose.
直接食品添加剂是指为了特定目的加入食品的
An example of a direct additive would be gums.
如口香糖
But not the type we chew as chewing gum.
但这里并非指我们嚼的那种
Gums are added to things such as salad dressings, pie fillings, frozen foods and even toothpaste.
而是加入到色拉酱调料，馅饼，冷冻食品甚至是牙膏中的那种
By adding gum to the food it provides more stability a longer shelf life and a better mouth feel and texture.
食品中加入口香糖能够使之更具稳定性，贮藏时间更久，口感质地更精良
You can find most direct additives on the food label,
我们在货架上能找到很多的直接食品添加剂
a direct additive that will be covered later in this presentation is butylated hydroxyanisole, or BHA.
本讲稍后还会提到丁基羟基茴香醚就是这类中的一种
