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But let's just focus the United States for a moment
我们现在只将目光投向美国
If 30 to 40% of U.S. adolescents typically get sleep deficient getting less optimal sleep what are the consequences?
如果30%到40%的美国青少年 普遍睡眠不足 无法得到最佳的睡眠 那么会产生什么后果呢?
There are little early people out there saying hey, they just need to learn how to get sleep we all do
早前有人说 他们只需要学会如何睡觉就可以了 我们也是这样做的
We all push ourselves
我们强迫自己好好睡觉
It's part of the...you know, a driven ambitious society
但这是一个充满抱负的社会
But these are scientific and health behavior questions
这些属于关于科学和健康行为的问题
And we need more data
我们需要获得更多的数据支持
There are a lot of data on adults
我们已经有了很多关于成年人的数据
There are increasing data on adolescents but here is a brief summary of what we know
关于青少年的数据也越来越多 这是对我们研究成果的小结
The first is adolescents get very sleepy and sleepy means falling asleep
首先 青少年非常的困倦 困倦就意味着他们会睡着
Why they fall asleep?
为什么会睡着呢?
Not during exciting social interactions not during the things they want to do
肯定不是在社交场合睡着 也不是从事自己喜欢的事情时睡着
it's when there's lower arousal boring situations in dim light classrooms driving cars, late at night
当环境中的刺激因素减少时 他们就会睡着 例如在昏暗的教室里 半夜开车时睡着
That's a huge part of the consequence
这些都是睡眠不足造成的后果
But in addition to literal difficulty in falling asleep there's tiredness
除了难以入睡之外 还有疲劳感的问题
Tiredness is motivational change
疲劳会改变动机
It's hard to make yourself do things especially when there are awards and consequences
很难让自己去从事某件事情 特别是当人们很疲劳的时候
you are distant or abstract when you are tired
他们很难为了荣誉或某种结果去努力
Difficulties with focused attention irritability, reactive aggression
还有注意力不集中 易怒 反应性攻击行为
well documented in both animals and humans
研究证明这些问题都出现于动物和人类身上
Decreased mood, depression diminished motivation for social engagement
情绪下降 抑郁 参加社会交际活动的动机下降
Negative synergy with alcohol effects
饮酒后负面效果的增加
Direct effect on learning
对学习能力造成直接影响
As Mat Walker's lab and a number of labs around the world
正如马特沃克的实验室 以及全世界很多实验室的研究发现
they are showing increasingly the importance of sleep for learning memory and skill learning as procedure learning as well
睡眠不足对学习能力 记忆力 技能的学习有着越来越大的影响
