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A popular antioxidant supplement is Echinacea.
一个十分流行的抗氧化剂补充剂就是紫雏菊，
This herbal supplement has been suggested as a natural way
人们认为这种植物补充剂是一种
to shorten the duration of cold and flu symptoms or prevent one from catching a cold.
可以缩短感冒时间，缓解流感症状和预防感冒的天然物质
Many research studies have been carried out to determine if Echinacea does affect colds.
为了确定紫雏菊是否对防治感冒有作用专业人士开展了很多研究，
Unfortunately, the findings have been inconclusive.
不幸的是，这些研究中的发现都不能使人信服
Several problems arise when attempting this type of research.
在这些研究的过程中会产生一些问题
The active ingredient or ingredients in Echinacea are not known.
人们并不知道紫雏菊中的有效成分是什么，
So if one study's uses a certain formulation and has a negative effect,
因此如果一个研究用的是一种模式，并检测出了负面效果
it could be because the right ingredient was insufficient.
这可能是因为它检测的成分恰好是无效的，
Secondly, colds are caused by viruses
第二，感冒可能是由病毒引起的
and each virus may have a different reaction to Echinacea.
而每种病毒对于紫雏菊的反应是不同的
And, third, symptoms of a cold vary by individuals
第三，感冒症状对每个人来说都是不同的
so a positive effect in one person may not occur in another.
因此，紫雏菊对一个人有效，但并一定对另一个人也有效，
So researchers are not sure if Echinacea has an effect on the symptoms of the cold and flu.
因此学者并不确定紫雏菊在感冒和流感中是否有效
A caution about Echinacea is that
关于紫雏菊，要强调的一点是
individuals with tuberculosis, leukemia, diabetes, connective tissue disorder,
患有结核病，白血病，糖尿病，结缔组织
or liver disorders should not use this supplement.
疾病和肝病的人不应该用这种补充剂
Additionally, Echinacea may reduce the effect of immunosuppressant drugs
除此之外，紫雏菊可能会降低免疫抑制类药物的作用，
and it may cause allergic reactions in persons susceptible to hay fever.
并且可能会引起枯草热病人的过敏反应
Red clover is an herbal supplement
红三叶草是一种补充剂，
promoted to reduce hot flashes and other symptoms associated with menopause.
它能够缓解潮热和其他与更年期相关的症状，
It contains plant forms of the hormone estrogen.
它含有天然雌激素
These are also called isoflavones,
也称为异黄酮，
which can generate similar responses in the body as estrogen.
它能在身体内产生与雌激素基本相同的作用
There have been mixed results as to whether red clover supplements reduce menopause symptoms,
关于红四叶草是否可以缓解更年期症状，还没有定论
but for some women it seems to be effective.
但是对一些妇女来说，这种方法似乎有效
General side effects include nausea, headache, and a rash,
副作用一般包括恶心，头疼和红潮，
but typically these are not significant.
但是这些状况通常都不严重
Because red clover contains estrogens,
因为红四叶草含有雌激素，
it should not be taken with other estrogen supplements,
一次不应与其他雌激素补充剂，
hormone replacement therapy, or birth control pills.
荷尔蒙药物或者避孕药同时服用
