1、pioneer

先驱；先锋；创始人；倡导者

one of the leading pioneers of British photo journalism.

英国新闻摄影界的领军人物之一

What they lacked in speed those pioneer pilots made up for by flying only a few feet above the ground.

那些飞行员先驱通过离地仅几英尺的低空飞行，弥补了飞行速度的不足。

开创；倡导

Professor Alec Jeffreys, who invented and pioneered DNA tests.

发明和倡导DNA检测的亚历克·杰弗里斯教授

The campaigns are part of American-style innovations being pioneered by the new universities.

这些运动是几所新建大学倡导的美式创新的一部分。

拓荒者；开拓者；开发者

abandoned settlements of early European pioneers.

已废弃的早期欧洲拓荒者的定居点

2、advance

（常指为攻击而）前进，推进

Reports from Chad suggest that rebel forces are advancing on the capital.

来自乍得的报告显示叛军正向首都推进。

The water is advancing at a rate of 5cm a day.

水位正以每天5厘米的速度上升。

（尤指知识）发展，进步

Medical technology has advanced considerably.

医学技术突飞猛进。

Japan has advanced from a rural, feudal society to an urban, industrial power.

日本已从封建农业社会发展成一个城市化工业强国。

贷给；预付；预支

I advanced him some money, which he would repay on our way home.

我先借给他一些钱，在我们回家的路上他会还给我的。

The bank advanced $1.2 billion to help the country with debt repayments.

银行预支12亿美元帮助该国偿还债务。