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About the basic tenants of feudalism is
关于最基本的佃农制度
We What you do is
我们,你所做的就是
You have somebody,
你有一些人
And that's why I said original pyramid scheme
这就是我为什么说是最初的金字塔机制
If you had the King
如果在最顶端
Or Emperor at the top here, then he owns all these lands
有一个国王或者皇帝 他拥有所有的土地
He obviously wants an army
很显然他会想要一个军队
He wants income and yet he doesn't want to take care of all these land
他想要收入然而他又不想去照看这些土地
And so, what he does is, he gives parts of the land to,
所以他就把他的一部分土地
You know, whatever the title is, Baron X and y
给不论什么头衔的人比如说XY男爵等
Keeps part of it to themselves
然后自己留一部分
And says, "Feature these guys in return for this land,
并且说要重用这些人为了回报我给你们的土地
You're gonna give me so much money
你们要给我很多钱
And we have a war
们要是发生战事的时候
You're gonna come up with so many soldiers,
你们要提供很多的士兵
And so, they say okay
他们会说好的
They take this land and they in turn divide it off
他们得到这些土地然后再依次划分
Obviously this link would be missing
很明显这种联系就会渐渐消失
And they divide it off and give it to counts,
他们把地分了分给伯爵
And so, you know, have this system
有了这样的机制
And this people then who have money,
这样的人 然后他们有了钱
They hire knights to do their bidding
就会招募骑士听候他们的差遣
And the key ingredient in any feudal system
在任何封建机制中都很关键的要素是忠诚
Is one of the characteristics we talked about, is loyalty
这是我们谈论的特点之一
Now, don't be confused
现在不要迷惑啊
Feudalism in not Christian, is not particularly European
封建制度并不是基督教不是欧洲特有的
And it's very regional and the customs within exactly
而是区域性的 这个区域的习俗
how feudalism operated,
具体来说就是封建制度是如何运行地
Varied a little bit from area to area
会因地区而稍有变化的
But it was your basic system
但这是你们基本的体制
And the tendency was the form larger and larger groups
而且这种趋势换句话来说
In other words, to unite not to divide
就是越来越大的群组团结在一起而不是分裂
We're talking about people in
我们在讨论这个体制里的人
This system, about the top ten percent of the population,
整个人口中排在前面的10%的人
And in the early points of Feudalism,
在封建社会早期的时候
Maybe for the first two hundred years,
可能是前二百年的时候
You can almost move from being almost
你几乎可以从最底层的骑士
At the very bottom, being a Knight, to be in the very top
成为最高层的领导者
When we see the documentary on Knights
当我们看关于骑士和盔甲的纪录片的时候
And armor, they're gonna refer
他们将会
To, what's referred, been referred
被认为是
To as the greatest Knight of all time
史上最伟大的骑士
And he was someone who started out just as a Knight
他就是骑士出身
And by the time he died, he was a great Baron of England,
死的时候成为了英国伟大的男爵
When there was young King
如果国王很年轻的话
And so you can move up many levels through the system
你就可以靠能力
Just through ability
在这个体制中上移好几层
That's only about the 12th century
大约是在12世纪
That we start getting into the idea of inherited rights,
开始出现继承权这个概念
