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The Western Barbarians were Germanic and the Germanic, now again Germanic
西部的野蛮人属于日耳曼人，我们又提到了日耳曼人
I see influence was to be a distinctive contribution to making of Europe
由此可见这个种族给欧洲形成带来的独特影响
We talked about the nature of these people before,
我们已经讲过了这些人的本质特性
it's important to know though, that they did have a social organization
我们还需要知道他们具有社会组织性
and social organization was pretty much small tribe,
这些社会组织就是一些小型部落
and they had extremely strong sense of loyalty and tribal kinship
他们忠诚度很高并具有很深的亲族联系
They actually enjoy much more freedom than the citizens of the Roman Empire
实际上他们比罗马帝国公民有更多的自由
Many tribes were roughly democracies who win their king or leader died
很多部落都通过杀死旧统领来争取粗糙的民主制度
Elected new kings or leader
他们选举自己新的国王或首领
They have a strong sense of loyalty to the king or chief
他们对于自己的国王和长官都十分忠诚
but no sense of loyalty for larger general institutions,justice was simple ordeal
却对规模更大的上层机构没有丝毫忠诚感，正义只是单纯的神裁
Trial by battle
战役的考验
These Germanen, these Germanic people who overran the old Roman provinces did find it difficult to maintain
这些蔓延于并统治着古代罗马各地的日耳曼人们，确实发现很难维持
any political organization more than the local level
超过地方级别的任何政治组织
And so these are one of the reasons people want to use this term
这就是为什么人们想用黑暗时代来描述
Dark Ages because more of this idea of world democracy,or world trade and stuff
当时的世界民主制度和世界贸易状态
Everything had become local again with demise of the Roman Empire
当罗马帝国陨落时所有的一切又恢复了当地性
Peasants were at the mercy of roaming bands
农民们的命运被掌握在了游牧民族手里
And so we first start developing a differentiation in Europe to New Europe of warrior and menial class
于是开始了欧洲的差别化，社会被分成了战士阶级和奴仆阶级
And so Feudalism will come out of these Alright
从这时起封建主义便萌芽了 好了
Oh, working class of course,
哦,当然还有工人阶级
Feudalism was the original pyramid scheme
封建主义好像一个基本的金字塔结构
I don't think we'll probably get to that today
我想我们今天大概不会深入讲这一点
