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Thank you, Andrea
谢谢你 Andrea
good afternoon
下午好
in the intellectually sophisticated milieu of Renaissance Rome
在16世纪反宗教改革运动之前的数十年里
as elsewhere in Italy
文艺复兴时期的罗马
the sixteenth century in the decades
跟当时意大利其它地方一样
before the Counter-Reformation
知识界情形非常复杂
the sacred and the profane were not distinct or separate realms
神圣王国和世俗王国并非泾渭分明，划清了界限
rather they were two aspects of the single seamless culture
相反，它们属于单一文化相辅相成的两个方面
both proceeded from a learned immersion in classical antiquity
两者均来自古典时代，根深蒂固，已经潜移默化
which offered paradigms both lofty and low the humanists
既是阳春白雪，又是下里巴人
who were veered and emulated the noble prose of Cicero
人文学者既模仿西塞罗的高雅文体
also devoured the racy texts of Ovid
也如饥似渴地阅读奥维德的情色文章
and the humoristic dialogues of Lucian
以及充满幽默感的《琉善对话集》
the artists who studied the Apollo of Belvedere and Laocoon
研究观景殿阿波罗像，与拉奥孔像的艺术家
In an effort to revive that noble heroic manner
本想重振这种英雄式的高雅体裁
found that the ancient Romans had indulged in equal measure
却发现古罗马人在不那么高雅的题材上
their tastes for less elevated fare
也一样用心
scenes of heterosexual and homosexual love making
异性或同性做爱的场景
were common place in Roman wall paintings
在古罗马壁画上很常见
and also frequently appeared on small-scale decorative objects
也经常出现小尺寸的装饰性物件上
such as cameos, silver, pottery, and oil lamps
比如浮雕玉石，银器，陶器和油灯
not to mention monumental sculptures as well
更不用说像纪念性建筑了
like the monumental architectural and sculptural remains
跟纪念性建筑物与雕塑遗迹一样
these miniature and often fragmentary relics of classical antiquities
这些古典时代流传下来的小雕像和残片
were keenly studied
也得到文艺复兴时期的
by Renaissance artists and humanists
艺术家和人文学者的热忱研究
particularly in Rome
罗马尤为如此
where such material is constantly augmented
由于罗马城时不时有新的考古发现
by new archaeological discoveries
这类材料的数量也不停地增加
such antique examples both fueled and sanctioned
这些古典时期的例子，对文艺复兴人
their enthusiastic embrace of lewd imagery
对下流意象的狂热追求而言，既是鼓励又是遏制
which could be justified
这既是合乎情理的
however speechlessly
又是不可言说的
as a learned revival of the Maniera Antiqua
是对古典主义的一种学识型复兴
some of the most rhetorically elevated, learned
文艺复兴时期，修辞最高雅，饱含学识
and refined works of Renaissance art and literature
最精美的一批艺术文学作品
were produced by painters and poets
均出自这样的画家和诗人之手
who turned their energies with equal facilities to
这些艺术家也将同样的精力
lewd salacious and erotic subject matter
投入到情爱色欲的主题中去
artists like Giulio Romano, Perino del Vaga
比如朱里奥·罗马诺·瓦加
Francesco Salviati and Parmigianino
萨尔维亚蒂，帕尔米贾尼诺
