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The Utah and New Mexico Territories would
犹他州和新墨西哥领土将
make their own decisions about slavery under
根据所谓的人民主权论
something called popular sovereignty.
做出自己的决定
That is they would vote up or down whether
也就是他们将投票
they would have slavery in their own territories.
是否在其领土内实行奴隶制
The slave trade but not slavery was banned
奴隶贸易，而不是奴隶制被
in the District of Columbia. And a strong fugitive
在哥伦比亚地区被禁止
slave law went into effect. Typically this solution
而严格逃奴法生效，这种解决办法
solved next to nothing. The southerners wanted
几乎等于毫无作用，南方人想要
strict enforcement of the fugitive slave law
严格实行逃奴法
but northerners basically ignored it.
但北方人基本无视它
Some northern states even declared
一些北方州甚至宣布
the fugitive slave law to be illegal.
逃奴法违法
Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 best seller
斯托夫人1852年畅销书
Uncle Tom's Cabin aided the abolitionist
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是对废奴主义者
cause immensely. Even though its African American
的极大帮助，尽管非裔美国人
characters were grossly stereotypical by
被现代标准固化了形象
modern standards Uncle Tom's Cabin also brought
但《汤姆叔叔的小屋》也给
home or brought north an accurate picture
国内或北方描述了
of how human slavery deprived the blacks of
奴隶制如何剥夺黑人人权
human dignity.Meanwhile settlers were moving past
的准确图景，同时，定居者快速
Missouri into Kansas raising once more the question
穿过密苏里，进入堪萨斯，这曾引发
whether Kansas would be free or slave.
堪萨斯是要成为自由州还是奴隶州的问题
The 1853 Kansas-Nebraska Act provided once
1853年堪萨斯-内布拉斯加州法案
more for popular sovereignty, this time in Kansas
再次提出人民主权论，这次是在堪萨斯
and Nebraska. Nebraska which held little attraction
和内布拉斯加州，对棉花种植者少有吸引力的
for cotton planters was no problem.
内布拉斯加没有问题
But popular sovereignty Kansas style meant
但人民主权论在堪萨斯意味着
two competing state governments; one free-soil,
两个州政府相互竞争，一个是自由州
one pro-slave. And a bitter fight over which of
一个支持奴隶制，战斗是关于
the two constitutions would be accepted
两种宪法哪个被接受
when Kansas was admitted to the Union.
当堪萨斯被批准进入美国
Both northern abolitionists and southern slavery
北方废奴主义者和南方奴隶制支持者
supporters financed settlements in Kansas
都赞助人们在堪萨斯州定居
hoping to get a majority.
希望他们的人成为多数
Slave holding Missourians came over the state border
支持奴隶制的密苏里人跨国州界
to help support the pro-slavery Kansans.
来帮助支持奴隶制的堪萨斯
Free-soil Kansans returned the favors with
自由州堪萨斯人也回敬
Jay Hawking expeditions into slave holding
杰伊·霍金出征进入
areas of Missouri. Meanwhile both northern abolitionists
密苏里的蓄奴领土，同时北方废奴主义者
and southern slave holders raised money to
和南方奴隶主都在筹钱
equip more and more well armed parties of
组成更好的武装定居团体
quote/unquote settlers to help their respective causes.
以帮助其达成各自的目的
This battle ground of popular sovereignty
这场围绕人们主权论的战争
became known as bleeding Kansas.
后来成为流血的堪萨斯
The elections of 1860. In the roll up to the elections
1860年选举，随着1860年的选举逼近
of 1860 southerners and northerners alike
南方人和北方人都
had plenty to be mad about. The 1856 beating of
都有许多抓狂的事 1856年
Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner by
马萨诸塞州参议员查尔斯·萨姆纳
South Carolina Congressman Brooks,
被南卡罗来纳州国会议员
Preston Brooks, over a slavery resulted insult
普勒斯顿布鲁克斯打，奴隶制导致的辱骂
scandalized the north and thrilled the south.
令北方震惊，令南方震颤
That same year pro-slavery Kansans attacked
同一年，支持奴隶制的堪萨斯人攻击
and burned the free-soil city of Lawrence.
并烧掉了自由城市劳伦斯
In return an anti-slavery fanatic named John Brown
而反奴隶制的狂热者约翰布朗
killed 5 pro-slavery settlers at Pottawattamie Creek.
杀掉波特瓦特米河5名支持奴隶制的定居者
Meanwhile the Supreme Court ruled in the case
与此同时，最高法院裁决，这个案子中的
of Dred Scott that no black could be a citizen of
德雷德·斯科特，黑人不能算作是美国公民
the United States and that it was moreover
而且，联邦内任何地方
unconstitutional to ban slave holding anywhere
禁止拥有奴隶的地方都
in the Union. This decision spurred the abolitionists
是违宪的，这个决定使得废奴主义者
to new heights of outrage. President James Buchanan,
怒火高涨，詹姆斯·布坎南总统
a Pennsylvanian but a strong southern sympathizer,
是个宾夕法尼亚人，但是南方的坚定支持者
recommended that Congress accept Kansas
他建议国会接受堪萨斯
into the Union with a slave holding constitution.
进入联盟，准许蓄奴宪章
This was too much for the northern democrats to bear.
这对北方民主人士而言太过火了
