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The author suggests that while walking
虽然行走运动可以起到预防结肠癌
was protective the activity needs to be
的作用，研究人员建议加大行走的运动量
at a significant quantity to be effective.
以得到更有效的预防效果
The American Institute for Cancer Research
美国癌症研究协会
reviewed the available data from studies
评估了调查
that were done to investigate the correlation
乳腺癌和运动
between breast cancer risk and physical activity.
之间关系的研究数据
Studies were broken down into pre-menopausal
研究对象被分为未绝经女性
and post-menopausal women. 7 of the 8 studies
和绝经女性两类
they reviewed for post-menopausal women
8个研究中，有7个研究
reported decreased risk in breast cancer
发现运动多的绝经女性群体
for the highest compared to the lowest
要比运动少的绝经女性群体
activity groups. However, the results
有更小的乳腺癌发病率，然而
for pre-menopausal women were deemed
未绝经女性的研究结果却不是这样的
inconsistent. Evidence of frequency, duration
运动频率，持续时间
or intensity of activity was minimal. Overall
和强度的证据是最少的
there was enough evidence for the AICR to
整体上来说
conclude that physical activity probably protects
充足的证据使美国癌症研究所得出结论
against post-menopausal breast cancer.
运动很可能对绝经女性的乳腺癌有预防作用
In 2007 a study was published that assessed
2007年发表的研究
the relationships between physical activity and
评估了运动和乳腺癌风险之间的关系
breast cancer risk. The work was part of
这项研究是
the European Prospective Investigation into
欧洲癌症和健康发展调查委员会
Cancer and Nutrition Study, EPIC.
即EPIC的一部分
The same population as described previously
该研究与之前提到的结肠癌研究
for colon cancer. In this work the authors
研究对象数目是相同的
examined not only a relationship between
在这项研究中，研究人员不仅
physical activity and breast cancer risk
调查了运动与乳腺癌风险之间的关系
but asked specifically if different levels
还特别调查了不同程度和类型的运动
and types of physical activity could correlate
与乳腺癌风险之间的关联
with breast cancer risk. This study collected data
该研究收集了
from over 218,000 women from 9 different
来自9个欧洲国家的
European countries. The women were recruited
218000名女性的数据
from the general population, were either
研究对象来自于一般人群
pre-menopausal or post-menopausal and
包括绝经女性和未绝经女性
ranging in age from 20 to 80 years.
年龄范围是20到80岁
The information gathered from the study
研究收集的信息包括
included the number of breast cancer cases that
在研究期间，研究群体内
occurred within the population during the study,
乳腺癌的发病人数
assessment of BMI and physical activity.
身体质量指数和运动评估
The physical activity assessment was divided into
运动评估被分为3类
three categories of household, recreational
分别是家务，娱乐和职业活动
and occupational. Breast cancer cases were recorded
乳腺癌病例的记录是通过
through population, cancer registries
人口，癌症登记和主动跟踪随访完成的
or by active follow-up. Physical activity data
运动数据的获取
were obtained by in-person interviews
是通过现场采访
or from self-administered standardized questionnaires.
或者自填标准问卷完成的
Data on current occupational activity included
当前职业活动数据
employment status and level of physical activity
包括职位，工作时的运动强度
done at work. Information on the frequency
上一年调查了非职业运动
and durations of non-occupational physical activity
的频率，长短信息
during the past year included housework, home repair,
包括家务，家庭维修
gardening and recreational activities.
园艺和娱乐活动
MET values were assigned to each physical activity and
每一项运动的MET值都有所记录
average weekly METs were recorded.
每周的平均MET得以记录
