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Epidemiological studies would be searching
流行病学研究将会探究维生素D
for the link between vitamin D and cancer
和癌症发病率
mortality and/or morbidity.
死亡率之间的关系
The identification of causal relationships
鉴定这些
between these exposures and outcomes
所产生的后果
is an important aspect of epidemiology.
是流行病学重要的一部分
Let's take a look at some of the research
让我们来看看一些已经完成的研究
that has been done. The Third National Health
2007年，美国国家癌症研究院期刊发表的
and Nutrition Examination Survey published
第三次国家医疗服务制度
in 2007 by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
和营养检查调查
is one of very few epidemiological studies on
是为数不多的关于维生素D
vitamin D and colon cancer. The researchers looked at
和结肠癌的流行病学研究之一
16818 participants and examined blood levels of
研究人员找来了16818名参与者
vitamin D. Individuals with blood levels of
检查他们血液中维生素D的浓度
80 nanomoles per liter or higher of vitamin D
每升血液有达到80毫微摩尔维生素D的人
reduced their risk of colon cancer by 72%
与那些含量低于50毫微摩尔的人们相比
compared to individuals with blood levels
直肠癌发病率降低了72%
below 50 nanomoles per liter.
2003年由癌症成因控制中心
The American Cancer Society's Cancer
出版的
Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort published
由美国癌症协会发表的
in 2003 by the Cancer Causes Control showed
癌症防治研究二-营养人群
a slightly lower risk of colorectal cancer in men, but
发现男性的患结肠癌的风险会变小一些
the women in the study did not show the same effect.
但是女性在这一研究中没有得到同样的结论
This group of researcherse studied a group
研究人员的研究对象是男性和女性
of 120,000 men and women and analyzed their diet,
共120000人，研究内容是他们的膳食
medical history and lifestyle. This study found that
病史和生活方式
men with intakes of 520 IU or higher of vitamin D
研究发现，男人通过膳食和膳食补充剂
through their combined diet and supplementation
摄入大于或等于520IU的维生素D之后
had a slightly lower risk of colon cancer.
结肠癌发病率会降低一点
In the same study of the American Cancer Society
在同样的研究中，即美国癌症协会进行的
on Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort
癌症防治研究二-营养人群
researchers also singled out post-menopausal women
研究人员挑选出绝经的
who had no family history of breast cancer.
没有乳腺癌病史的女性
These 68,567 women were then given a questionnaire
68567位女性填写了一份关于膳食摄入量
on dietary intake, medical history and supplement use.
病史，补充剂使用的调查问卷
Researchers looked specifically at calcium,
研究者着重研究她们膳食中
vitamin D and dairy consumption in their diets.
钙，维生素D以及乳制品
The study concluded that women who consume
研究得出结论
higher amounts of calcium and vitamin D from
从乳制品来源中摄入更多钙，维生素D的女性
dairy sources decreased their risk of breast cancer.
乳腺癌发病率会相对降低
Take a moment to answer this question. True or false,
请回答这个问题，下面这句话是对是错
vitamin D is not necessary for calcium to be
维生素D在人体吸收钙质方面不是必需的
absorbed in the body? The answer is false.
这是错误的
Vitamin D is necessary for calcium to be
维生素D在人体吸收钙质方面是必需的
absorbed by the body as it aids in absorption
就像它帮助小肠吸收钙质
of calcium from the small intestine and it also
以及帮助维持
helps maintain blood calcium levels.
血液钙浓度
