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Well, crime and murder go back a very very long way
犯罪和谋杀在文学上可以
in literature of course.
追溯很远
You have hardly started reading the Bible, for instance,
比如，你没有读到该隐谋杀亚伯的故事
before you come up on the story of Cain murdering Abel.
就不能说你读过，圣经
Greek drama is packed with homicide.
希腊戏剧更是充斥着谋杀
But of course you couldn't really call the Bible
但是我们并不能把，圣经
or the Book of Genesis the first detective story,
或是，创世纪，当作第一本侦探小说
because what is crucially missing is the mystery element.
因为它们缺少最重要的神秘元素
You don't need to search for motive, means and opportunity
你不需要寻找作案动机和作案时机来确定
to be certain that it was Cain who killed Abel.
是该隐杀了亚伯
You don't need to be Sherlock Holmes or Hercule Poirot
你不需要夏洛克·福尔摩斯或者赫丘勒·白罗
or even God to be absolutely certain that he was the criminal.
也不需要上帝，就能确定他就是凶手
I mean there is hardly a wide range of suspects.
我的意思是并不存在大量的嫌疑对象
For one thing, there is hardly anybody around.
可以说几乎就没有他人在场
When it comes to concealing of the crime,
在隐藏犯罪事实的问题上
Cain has an awful lot to learn really
我认为该隐应该好好地
from subsequent criminals, I think.
向后来的杀人犯们学习
It's a similar state refers we agree Tragedy.
我们认为希腊戏剧存在同样的问题
I mean that is not usually any obscurity about
在希腊戏剧中
who committed the murder in Greek dramaor why they did it.
谋杀者通常是身份明确，动机明确
The emphasis tends to fall on the consequences of the crime
其重点一般倾向落脚于
for the perpetrator of it or for the state in general.
凶案对行凶者或是国家造成的影响
The who done it element with all its component apparatus,
寻凶要素与它的所有"零部件"
red herrings, clues, suspects with wonky alibis and so on,
干扰信息，线索，不可信的嫌疑人等
it's something that is much more recent.
出现的时间要晚的多
And it seems to me that like a lot of excellent literary things
而在我看来，与其他优秀的文学作品一样
Crime fiction really began in the 19th century.
犯罪小说真正发源于19世纪
There is a lot of disagreement
关于哪本小说
as to which book could claimed to be the first detective story.
可以称作第一本侦探小说存在很多分歧
But is generally agreed that the period when the who done it form emerged
但是普遍认为，谁是真凶形式出现的时间
was around the middle of the 19th century.
大约是19世纪中叶
And if you are interested in this,
如果你们对此感兴趣
there is a particularly good book that appeared this year is
朱迪斯·弗兰德斯今年写了一本
by Judith Flanders, and it is called The Invention of Murder.
非常好的书，名叫，谋杀的发明
And the subtitle is
副标题是
How the Victorians Revelled in Death and Detection
维多利亚时代如何痴迷于死亡和侦查
and Created Modern Crime.
并如何发明了现代犯罪
I think that subtitle should really read
我觉得副标题应该是
How the Victorian Revelled in Death and Detection
维多利亚时代如何痴迷于死亡和侦查
and Created Crime Fiction.
并如何发明了犯罪小说
Because what the book shows you is the way
因为书中写的是
that the crime novel as we now are aware of it started slowly to
由于19世纪人们对犯罪的迷恋
pull itself out of a fascination with crime during the 19th century.
为我们所知的犯罪小说如何开始慢慢地兴起
Judith Flanders shows you very brilliantly, very copiously documents,
朱迪斯·弗兰德斯提供了丰富精彩的文件
the 19th century fascination with real life murder cases.
它们展示了十九世纪人们对真实凶杀案的痴迷
The very lured newspaper reports of crimes and executions,
报纸的吸引力来自与犯罪和处决相关的报道
the glory plays and ballads,
著名的戏剧和歌谣
they were written about the victims and about the murderers.
写的是受害人与凶手的故事
And in the latest section of the book, she suggests
她在本书的最后一章说明了
how this started to be refined into the detective novel.
这些犯罪内容如何开始提炼成侦探小说的
Because what she shows you, of course,
显然，她所表达的是
is the Victorians weren't just fascinated by crime.
维多利亚时代的人们不仅仅痴迷于犯罪
They were fascinated by investigation into crime
他们还痴迷于对犯罪的调查
and by the new phenomenon of the detective policeman.
和作为新鲜事物的侦探
