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Notice that we can shorten "had to"" 'd"
请注意 "had"可缩写为"'d"
and "had not to" "hadn't"
"had not"可缩写为"hadn't"
It is easy to get confused between
人们很容易混淆
the present perfect and the past perfect
现在完成时和过去完成时的区别
Remember
那么请记住
the present perfect always relates
现在完成时表示到现在为止
a past action to the present
已经发生或完成的动作或状态
The past perfect relates a past action
而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前
to one further in the past
已经发生或完成的动作或状态
The next dialogue will help make this clear
下一个对话可帮助大家弄清楚这点
Read along with the subtitles
请跟读一下字幕
Excuse me, waiter
服务员，请过来一下
Yes?
请问什么事？
I'd ordered soup and this is a sock
我点的是汤，怎么给我上的是袜子？
We'd run out of soup, sorry
对不起，我们已经没有汤了
How can you run out?
你们怎么能没有了呢？
I'm sorry. Our chef Ruben had eaten it all
实在对不起，我们的厨师鲁本把汤喝光了
Well, would he like to eat this sock?
好吧，请问他想吃这只袜子吗？
Oh I doubt it. That is his sock
我估计他吃不下，这是他的袜子
And had Ruben thought about
那鲁本想过没有，你给我这只袜子之后
what I would do when you gave me this?
我会做些什么？
Yes, he said to say that if you like his sock
当然，他说如果你喜欢他的袜子的话
then you could have his underwear for dessert
那你就可以把他的内衣当作餐后甜点
Bon appétit
祝你有个好胃口
Did that help you see the difference
通过上面的对话
between past perfect and present perfect?
你们能区分过去完成时和现在完成时了吗？
Which is it that relates a past action
在过去某一时间之前已经发生
to one further in the past?
或完成的动作指的是什么？
That's right, the past perfect
对，是过去完成时
Here's the dialogue so you can check
通过这个对话你们可以对所学的知识进行检查
Excuse me, waiter
服务员，请过来一下
Yes?
请问什么事？
I'd ordered soup and this is a sock
我点的是汤，怎么给我上的是袜子？
We'd run out of soup, sorry
对不起，我们已经没有汤了
How can you run out?
你们怎么能没有了呢？
I'm sorry. Our chef Ruben had eaten it all
实在对不起，我们的厨师鲁本把汤喝光了
Well, would he like to eat this sock?
好吧，请问他想吃这只袜子吗？
Oh I doubt it. That is his sock
我估计他吃不下，这是他的袜子
And had Ruben thought about
那鲁本想过没有，你给我这只袜子之后
what I would do when you gave me this?
我会做些什么？
Yes, he said to say that if you like his sock
当然，他说如果你喜欢他的袜子的话
then you could have his underwear for dessert
那你就可以把他的内衣当作餐后甜点
Bon appétit
祝你有个好胃口
Now it's time for a complete change
现在，我们来学习另一个完全不同的知识点
Let's have a think about reported speech
我们讨论一下间接引语
When we repeat what someone had said in the past
我们重复某人在过去某一时刻说过的话时
we use reported speech
就会用到转述性引语
If Anna says "I must save the tree"
如果安娜说"我必须救活这棵树"
And we record her words just as she had said them here
当我们在她说了这句话之后进行记录时
then we are using her exact words as she said them
我们将原封不动地将她的话记录下来
This is known as direct speech
这就是所谓的直接引语
But, if we change to reported speech, we use the past form
但是，用转述性引语表示时
to record what she had said
我们就会用过去时记录她说过的话
Anna said that she must save the tree
例如，安娜说她必须救活这棵树
Notice that we do not use speech marks in reported speech
请注意，在转述性引语中我们并没有用引号
to report what Anna had said in the past
来表示安娜过去所说过的话
This is also known as indirect speech
这种形式也可称为间接引语
Read along with the subtitles in the next dialogue
请跟读下面对话中的字幕
and decide which kinds of speech are used
并判断一下其中使用的是哪种引语
Did you hear what sir Roderick was saying about
杰弗里，你知道前几天晚上
your mother the other night, Jeffery?
罗德里克先生是怎么说你母亲的吗？
No, I didn't Timothy. What did he say about her?
不，蒂莫西，我不知道他说了她什么
Well, Jeffery, he said that
哦，杰弗里，他说
your mother was nature's excuse for
只要有你母亲在场
people to lose their eyesight
所有人都会失去自己的判断力
That's not very nice, is it Timothy?
他这样说太不好了，是吧，蒂莫西？
I know that my mother wasn't blessed with good looks or hair
我知道上帝没有赐予我母亲美丽的面孔或头发
but how could he speak about one of my family members like that?
但他怎么能那么说我的家人呢？
He also said, Jeffery, that
杰弗里，他还说
she is the most frustrating person to be around
她是周围最让人感到挫败的人
and that it makes him wish that she had no lips
所以他希望她没有双唇
so that she couldn't talk so much
这样的话，她就不能信口雌黄了
I believe that a course of action is
我觉得应该教训罗德里克先生一顿
in order to teach Sir Roderick some manners
好让他知道什么叫礼貌
