1. range from ... to ... 范围从···到···

例句：These characters ranged from elves to Gods to goats, but there are two of particular interest to the modern story.
这些角色的范围从精灵到神、到山羊都有，但对现代故事来说，其中有两个特别重要。

2. isconcerned with 与···相关，有关联

例句：Traditionally he is less concerned with children and gifts than he is with food and wine and celebration and is perhaps best known for being one of the three spirits of Christmas who terrorize Scrooge.[qh]
传统上，他跟孩子们及礼物的关系，还不及于他和食物、美酒和庆典的关系，而且也许他最出名的身分可能是三个圣诞节精灵之中，会恐吓Scrooge(吝啬鬼)的那一个。

3. evolved into 演变成

例句：In the old world these were different characters, but in the new world over time they evolved into one which you can see happening in older stories.
在旧世界(欧亚非大陆)这些是不同的角色，但在新世界(美洲大陆)，他们随着时间合而为一，你可以在较古老的故事中目睹。

4. in turn 反过来

例句：This American Santa in turn influenced his relations in Northern Europe to become more like him, although not always to the pleasure of the locals.
这个美国版圣诞老人反过来影响了他在北欧的亲戚们，让他们变得更像他，虽然当地人并非总是对此感到开心。

5. refer to 涉及;指的是;适用于;参考

例句：The American response is that the North Pole doesn't refer to the obviously inhospitable sheet of non-domestic ice but rather to the little town of North Pole, Alaska. Denmark claims he lives in their former colony of Greenland.
所以加拿大声称他的工作坊是在Nunavut某处，并提供圣诞老人一个邮递区号，还有，没在开玩笑，正式的加拿大公民身分。美方的回应是，北极指的并不是明显荒凉、不适宜居住的冰层，而是阿拉斯加的一个小镇，North Pole镇。丹麦声称他住在他们的前殖民地格陵兰。