评论
打印
Antioxidants help slow or prevent oxidation in cells.
抗氧化物有助于延缓或阻止细胞内的氧化
Oxidation of cells can lead to poor immune function,
细胞的氧化会导致免疫功能下降
health diseases and cancer. Red and purple fruits
招致健康问题甚至癌症，红色和紫色水果
contain the highest amounts of antioxidants and are
所含有的抗氧化物数量最多，因此人们应该
encouraged for people to eat because of their
多多食用这些水果，因为它们的
antioxidant levels. Children's dietary needs change
抗氧化水平较高，儿童的膳食需要会因为
by age and sex of the child. This graph illustrates
年龄和性别的差异而有不同，这张图显示了
the recommended servings for children according to
美国营养协会专为儿童推荐的
the American dietetics association. It is important
膳食搭配，父母必须了解
for parents to understand the nutritional requirements
他们孩子成长发育的营养需求
of their children for the child's growth and
这十分重要
development because requirements do change as
因为这些需求一定会随着孩子的成长
children grow up. At ages 2 to 3 years it is important
而发生改变，在2到3岁的时候，须要
to note that both boys and girls require the same
指出的是男孩和女孩们都需要每一个
amount of requirements for each food group.
食物组中相同量的食物
As children grow up the nutritional requirements
随着孩子渐长，这些男孩女孩对一些食物
that stay the same for both boys and girls are milk
仍保持相同不变的营养需求，包括牛奶和
and dairy, fruits, oils and extra calories. However,
奶制品，水果，油类和额外的卡路里，然而
the requirements do change for boys and girls at 4
在男孩女孩长到4到8岁以及更大时，这些
to 8 and older for the calorie intake, lean meats,
需求确实会发生改变，包括卡路里摄取，瘦肉
vegetables and grains. The requirements are
蔬菜和谷物，男孩对这一类型食物的需求
typically a half to one serving size higher for
在每一餐饭上通常是之前的两倍
boys in this category. It is important for the children
这对孩子们的成长是很重要的
to reach these recommended serving sizes.
要达到这些推荐的膳食量
The serving sizes recommended are there to provide
推荐的备餐量的目的是提供
adequate energy and nutrients critical to the child's
对儿童的成长发育至关重要的
growth and development. If the daily requirements
能量及营养，如果总是不能满足每日需求
are not met regularly health complications such as
一些并发症就可能会出现，比如:
growth retardation, anemia from iron deficiencies,
发育迟缓，缺铁性贫血
poor retention of school material and an increased
对所学内容健忘，以及在成年之后
risk of developing chronic diseases during adulthood
发展为一些慢性病的风险增加
can incur. The government does try to help lower
政府在帮助降低这些风险方面确实在尽力
these risks by requiring foods to be fortified or
它要求食物必须经过强化或者
enriched. A fortified food like low-fat milk means
增加营养，强化食品如低脂牛奶是说
that vitamins A and D which get lost when the fat
在去脂的过程中过滤掉的维生素A和D
is removed during processing have to be replaced
在抵达食用者之前必须
by law before reaching the consumer. And enriched
进行补回，另一方面，增加营养的
food like table salt has added iodine to help
食品，如调味盐，里面加入了碘来帮助
consumers meet their dietary guidelines. The quality
食用者达到膳食指南的推荐，儿童的
of children's diet can be measured by the 2005
饮食质量可以用2005年的健康饮食指数
healthy eating index. The index is divided into
来衡量，这个指数被分作了
12 different categories such as fruit, vegetables,
12个不同的类别，比如水果，蔬菜
meat and beans and milk. Every category is given
肉类，豆类和牛奶，每一个类别都给出了
a maximum school which means it meets the 2005
一个最大量，这意味着它与2005年的
dietary guidelines for Americans. The higher
美国人膳食指南是相符合的，单项的
the individual score reflects the score closer to
分数越高反映出它与指南越为接近
the guidelines. A high score can be given for a high
高的分数代表对某些食品的摄入量多
intake in foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains,
比如水果，蔬菜，谷物
meat and beans, milk and oil and low intake in
肉类和豆类，牛奶和油，同时对另一些摄入量
saturated fat, sodium and extra calories. This graph
低，如饱和脂肪，钠和多余的卡路里，这份
was compiled in 2003-2004 for children ages 2 to 17.
图表是在2003到2004年针对2到17
Displayed are the averages of the different age
岁的孩子编制的，上面显示的是不同年龄组的
groups. The first important category to look at is
平均水平，我们要看的第一个重要类型是
the total score for all age groups. This score is
所有年龄组的总分，这个分数
barely meeting half of the maximum score for the
勉强达到年龄组满分的一半
age groups. This shows the need of improvement
这说明孩子饮食改善的需求是
in children's diets all around. The maximum score
是广泛存在的，在2至5岁年龄组中
was reached in 2 to 5 years for total fruit and milk
总的水果和牛奶消耗达到了满分
and for all age groups the maximum score was
在所有年龄组中，总的谷类消耗
reached for total grains. Fruit and milk consumption
达到了满分，所有的年龄组中，水果和牛奶
remain above half the maximum score for all age groups.
消耗保持在满分的一半以上
