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Sources of folic acid include fortified foods
叶酸的食物来源包括强化食品
such as cereals, pastas, and breads, and green vegetables.
如谷类，意大利面，面包，和绿叶蔬菜等
For many women, food sources alone are not sufficient
对很多女性而言，食物来源还不够
to meet folate needs;
满足叶酸需求
therefore, supplementation is advised.
因此，建议服用补品
All women of child-bearing age
所有的育龄妇女
should consume at least 400 micrograms
都应至少每天
of folic acid each day.
服用叶酸400微克
In a recent study, Amerian and Olbidat
最近一项研究中 Amerian和
reviewed how mandatory fortification of folic acid
Olbidat研究了食物中的加强型叶酸
into foods impacted the incidence
如何影响
of neural tube defects in Jordan.
影响约旦地区新生儿神经管缺损事例的发生
Like many countries, Jordan mandated fortification
像许多国家一样，约旦规定
of cereal foods with folic acid
在杂粮食物中加入叶酸
which led to an increase of approximately 30 to 70%
这使得育龄妇女
in the intake of folic acid
叶酸服用量
among women of child-bearing age.
提高了大概30%到70%
In this population, 87% of the neural tube defects
在该国人口中 87%的新生儿神经管缺损与
were attributed to Spina Bifida.
归因于脊柱裂
A total of 61,447 live births between 2000 and 2006
2000年至2006年间 61447个
at Princess Bedai Teaching Hospital were analyzed.
新生儿在伯黛王妃医学院附属医院得以分析
The authors looked at the prevalence
这两个研究人员查看了
of neural tube defects before,
神经管缺损
during, and after fortification.
在营养加强前，加强中和加强后的情况
In the period before folic acid fortification,
在加强叶酸之前
the incidence of neural tube defects was 1.85
神经管缺损的发生率为每一千个婴儿中
per 1000 live births.
有1.85人患有此病
During the introduction period of fortification,
在加强叶酸的阶段
the incidence dropped to 1.07
该比率下降到1.07
and in the period after fortification,
叶酸加强阶段之后
it had decreased to 0.95. In conclusion,
该比率降至0.95。总之
there was a significant decline of 49% in
加强叶酸摄入量后
the overall incidence of neural tube defects
整个的新生儿神经管缺损率
after folic acid fortification.
下降了49%
Maternal anemia due to iron deficiency
由缺铁引发的母体贫血
is a common pregnancy risk.
是一种常见的怀孕风险
Iron is essential for red blood cells
铁元素对红细胞
to deliver oxygen to the baby during pregnancy.
在孕期把氧气输送给胎儿非常重要
And during pregnancy, increased blood cells are needed
而且在孕期需要提高红细胞的数量
to meet the needs of the growing fetus.
以满足不断生长的胎儿的需要
Studies have shown that
研究表明
iron intake by non-pregnant women is often inadequate;
未怀孕女性摄入的铁元素常常不足
therefore, increasing iron intake
因此，在孕前增加铁的摄入
before pregnancy is necessary.
是非常必要的
Pregnant women need at least 27 milligrams
孕妇每天至少需要27毫克铁元素
of iron a day which is higher than
这一数值要稍微高一些
the 15-18 milligrams needed for non-pregnant women.
和未怀孕妇女15至18毫克的需求量相比
Iron is most available from red meats and chicken.
铁元素的最常见的食物来源是红肉和鸡肉
Plant sources of iron include spinach, kale,
铁的植物来源包括菠菜，甘蓝菜
leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals.
绿叶蔬菜，黄豆，加强型杂粮等
However, the iron in these foods is poorly absorbed.
但是，这些食物中的铁元素并未被很好地吸收
Therefore, vegetarians and women who do not eat meat
因此，素食者和不吃肉的女性
should increase iron absorption
应当增加铁的摄入量
by combining plant-based sources of iron
多吃含铁的植物
with Vitamin C-rich foods,
和富含维生素C的食物
for example, try a spinach salad with Mandarin oranges
例如，尝试一下蜜桔和菠菜的沙拉
or cereal with strawberries.
或是草莓与杂粮沙拉
And in many cases, an iron supplement is necessary
很多情况下，铁元素补品也是很必要的
to ensure meeting the requirements
能够满足人体
for this important nutrient.
对铁元素的需求
