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You should also be cautious of supplements
同时，还应当对那些
manufactured outside of the US,
美国之外生产的补品谨慎些
according to the Mayo clinic, toxic ingredients
据梅约诊所说，一些有毒的成分
and prescription medications have been found
和处方类药物已经在
in some supplements
在一些中发现了
that were manufactured internationally.
而这些补品就产于国外
Unlike drugs, supplements have no governmental
和药物不同，补品没有官方
standards for ensuring safety, effectiveness
标准来规范其安全性，有效性
and quality. They are also not approved
以及质量，这些补品也未
by the FDA. There has been
获得FDA批准
insufficient scientific research
这方面的研究不足
to demonstrate efficacy of ingredients,
很难证明营养成分的效力
appropriate doses, potential side effects
合适的剂量，可能的副作用
and long term consequences of supplement use.
以及长期服用补品的后遗症
In most cases the active ingredient is not known
大多数情况下，活性成分是未知的
and in fact several ingredients may function together
事实上几种营养成分也许会同时起作用
to generate a response. Because the complexity
引发反应，因为这些问题非常复杂
of these issues a scientific understanding
要达到一种科学的理解
of supplement mode of action and biological effects
如了解补品的作用方式，生物效应
is inadequate, therefore caution is recommended
是很难做到的，因此给大家的建议就是谨慎
when purchasing and using herbal supplements.
购买和使用草药补品时一定要谨慎
One mechanism through which many supplements
许多补品会通过一种方式
may impact health is by acting as antioxidants.
影响健康，那就是充当抗氧化剂
Oxidation is a natural event in the human body
氧化是人体的一种自然现象
in which oxygen interacts with other molecules
氧化过程中氧气会和其他分子互相作用
and in turn causes them to be damaged.
但会使得这些分子受损
Common targets for oxidation include lipids
通常氧化的目标包括脂质
and membranes, DNA molecule and proteins.
细胞膜 DNA分子和蛋白质
The body has many defense systems in place
身体各部分有很多防御体系
to protect from oxidative damage.
来避免氧化性损伤
These antioxidants include enzymes and kelaytors
这些抗氧化剂包括酶
that remove oxygen containing molecules
它们可以去除含氧分子
and repair damage.
并且修复损伤
Many plants contain natural antioxidants as well
许多植物也含有自然的抗氧化物
which do protect the plant cells.
但这种抗氧化剂会保护植物细胞
Here's a list of some supplements
这个列表上的补品
that are considered to be unsafe;
一般认为是不安全的
kava kava for instance can cause liver damage
例如卡瓦药会引起肝损伤
and comfrey can cause liver damage as well.
紫草科植物也会引起肝损伤
Lobelia is potentially toxic
半边莲也许是有毒的
and bonds to nicotine receptors in the body
会凝固体内的尼古丁受体
and can have a nicotine effect on its users.
会对服用者产生尼古丁影响
Products derived from animal brain or nerve products
来自动物大脑或者神经的产品
may also contain preons that cause mad cow disease.
也许含有一些会引发疯牛病的元素
All the supplements listed here on the slide
这儿列出的所有补品
should be avoided.
都不应该服用
Individuals taking various medications
服用各种药物的人
should also avoid herbal supplements
应当避免草药补品
due to possible interactions
因为补品中的活性成分与药物
between the active ingredients and the medication.
可能会相互作用
According to the Mayo clinic if the medical treatment
梅约诊所申明，如果患者
is available for your condition
有条件接受医疗
then you should stick to the medical treatment
那么患者应当坚持医治
instead of turning to an herbal supplement
而不是使用草药补品
and it's less likely to have adverse side effects.
因为治疗很少会引起不良的副作用
If you're pregnant or breast feeding
如果是孕妇或者哺乳期妇女
you should also avoid herbal supplements.
也应避免使用草药补品
This is because what is good for the mom
因为对妈妈有益的
may not be good for the fetus or the baby.
不一定对胎儿或小宝宝有益
You should also avoid any supplements
另一种情况下也应当避免用补品
if you are having surgery.
那就是手术期间
If you are younger than 18 years or older than 65
18岁以下或者65岁以上的人
you should avoid these supplements as well
也不宜服用补品
due to the fact that older adults
因为老年人
metabolize medicines differently
对药物的新陈代谢不同
and because there has not been enough research
而且没有足够的研究表明
done for appropriate dose amounts
应服用多少剂量的补品
and safety of herbal supplements on children.
同时草药对未成年人的影响还不确定
A supplement is intended to supplement the diet.
补品是用来补充膳食的
The main feature of a supplement
补品的主要特征是
is that it is very different from a food.
它不同于食物
It contains one or more ingredients
它含有一种或多种养分
such as a vitamin, mineral, botanical or herb
例如维他命，矿物质，植物性药材或草药
and is intended to be taken orally in pill,
一般是口服，有丸剂
capsule, liquid or tablet form.
胶囊剂，液体剂或片剂等形式
Supplements are not regulated by the FDA
补品不在FDA的管理之下
and cannot be guaranteed safe.
其安全性也没法保证
The best way to get vitamins and minerals
摄取维他命和矿物质的最好方式是
is to eat a healthy and balanced diet
饮食健康均衡
full of a variety of brightly colored foods.
多食用颜色鲜艳的食物
