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A hundred years later, around the year 400, the court was once again beset by the same old problems. One day the Emperor Xiaowudi observed to his favourite consort, "Now that you are 30 years old, it's time I exchanged you for somebody younger". He meant it as a joke, but she didn't take it well, and she murdered him that evening. The court was scandalised. It was obviously time to remind everybody how to behave by re-publicising Zhang Hua's poem in a scroll painted by the greatest artist of the day, Gu Kaizhi. The resulting masterpiece was the Admonitions Scroll. Jan Stuart leads the Department of Asia here at the British Museum, and is very familiar with this painting and its purpose:
约百年后，大约400年，宫廷中的悲剧再度上演。一日，孝武帝对爱妃说：“你已三十岁了，我该去找更年轻漂亮的女子了。”皇帝只是玩笑，妃子却信以为真，当晚便杀了孝武帝，宫廷大为震惊。劝导妇女遵从妇德成为当务之急，于是，当时的著名画家顾恺之将张华的诗用画的形式表现出来，由此诞生了绘画杰作《女史箴图》。大英博物馆亚洲部总监司美茵对这幅画了如指掌:
"The scroll before us fits into a tradition of didactic imagery established in the Han Dynasty and influenced by the great philosopher Confucius. When you read the text alongside the images, you realise that there's a deep message being communicated here. Confucius had the idea that everyone in society has a proper role and place, and if they follow that, then a very healthy and effective society is ensured.
画卷表现了一种受到儒家思想影响、始于汉代的教诲图传统。读诗赏图之时，便能感受到它所传达的深意。孔子认为，每个人在社会上都有自己的位置，如果能各司其职，社会便能稳定高效地运行。
