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This is an example of a standardized growth chart.
这是一个标准化成长图表
This is an example of a standard, normal distribution
这则是一副标准的正常分布图
graph. If a child were malnourished the child’s weight
如果一个孩子营养不良
would fall 2 standard deviations below the mean,
他的体重会低于平均水平两个标准差
where the circle is drawn on this graph.
就是图表中画圈的部分
All children are at a time of rapid growth and
所有的孩子在某个时刻
development and because of this it is important that
快速增长发展 这是因为
they receive enough calories and nutrients.
他们吸收了足够多的卡路里和营养物质
For normal children not battling illness or disease,
身体健康的正常孩子
4 to 8 year olds need approximately 1600 calories,
在4到8岁之间需要大约1600卡路里
15 grams of protein which is equal to about 2 eggs,
15克蛋白质 大约是两个鸡蛋的量
and 8mg of calcium which is equivalent to 31
8毫克钙 大约是31杯份低脂牛奶
cup servings of low fat milk. As children age
随着孩子长大
their calorie, protein and calcium needs increase
他们的卡路里蛋白质以及该需求量都会增加
until they reach adulthood.
知道他们变成成年人
Children undergoing treatment for cancer are also
接受癌症治疗的孩子
experiencing rapid growth and development but
也会经历快速增长阶段
they have an even higher need for nutrients
但是他们对于营养物质的需求量更高
because of an increased metabolic rate from fighting
因为他们为了战胜疾病需要提高代谢速率
the disease. Both protein and energy needs
为了阻止肌肉的消耗和流失
are increased even more to prevent wasting or
更需要提高白质和能量需求量
the loss of muscle. Protein needs actually increase
建议蛋白质的需求量增加得最大
the most with recommendations that children receive
每天孩子每千克体重
up to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight each day.
应该吸收2克蛋白质
Increased calcium and vitamin D needs are also critical
增加钙和维生素D的需求也很重要
due to bone growth during childhood. Children should
因为孩子的骨骼正在增长
consume more than 1000mgs of calcium which is equal to
孩子每天应该吸收超过1000毫克钙
about 4 1 cup servings of low fat milk and more than
大约相当于41杯份的低脂牛奶
10mgs of vitamin D which is equal to about 10 to 15
超过10毫克的钙 大约相当于10到15分钟的日照
minutes of sunlight each day; this will ensure their
这将会保证
bones will continue to grow during disease treatment.
他们的骨骼在疾病治疗期间继续增长
Calcium is needed to help the bones grow and remain
钙可以帮助骨骼增长保持强壮
strong and vitamin D is required to ensure that calcium
维生素D可以保证钙的吸收
is absorbed.So what causes malnutrition during cancer?
那么在癌症治疗期间什么引起营养不良呢
Malnutrition arises in children for one overall
总的来说，引起孩子营养不良的一个最常见
common reason, an inability to consume or digest food
的原因是没有能力消化吸收食物和营养
and nutrients. This inability to consume or digest
这种没有消化吸收的能力有许多
foods has many underlying causes but we will discuss
潜在的原因 但是我们今天将会讨论
2 of the main ones today; the side effects of
2个最主要的原因；化学疗法的副作用
chemotherapy and other aggressive treatments as well as
和其他积极的疗法
the increased metabolic demands from the cancer itself.
以及对于癌症本身新陈代谢需求的增加
