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Before I continue with this presentation I would like to explain
在我继续我的展示之前
some terms associated with cancer. In this presentation
我想要解释一些有关癌症的术语
we will focus on risk. Risk is the likelihood of
在这次展示里 我们将重点关注风险
developing cancer based on lifestyle choices
风险就是癌症基于
and family history. Prevention is the
生活方式选择和家族史的发展的可能性
lifestyle choices an individual takes to
预防就是一个人采取的生活方式选择
reduce their risk of being diagnosed with cancer
来降低被诊断患有癌症的风险
and reoccurrence is the return of cancer
复发是指治疗后癌症再次出现
after treatment. This presentation will focus on
这次展示将会重点关注
ways to reduce risk.It is important to understand
减低风险的途径
the difference between pre menopausal breast cancer
理解更年期前乳腺癌和更年期后乳腺癌
and post menopausal breast cancer. Pre menopausal
的区别是至关重要的
breast cancer occurs in younger women
更年期前患乳腺癌发生在年轻女性身上
Often times the women who get this form of breast
通常 患有这种乳腺癌的妇女
cancer have a genetic predisposition and these cases
都是遗传性的
are typically more severe and harder to treat
些病例通常很严重比较难治愈
Post menopausal breast cancer is a more common form
更年期后患乳腺癌在年纪较大的
and occurs in older women. It is linked
女性身上更为常见
to a younger age at a woman's first period and
这和女人年轻时的初潮
an older age at the start of menopause. Women also
以及年老时的更年期初期有关
have a higher risk for developing breast cancer
女性也可能有更高的患乳腺癌的风险
if they have no children or are older when they
如果他们没有孩子或者年纪很大了才要孩子
have their first child. There is also a strong link
在中年或者更年期后患乳腺癌
to obesity after mid life and post menopausal
很容易肥胖
breast cancer. This map shows incident rates of
这张图展示了2007年
breast cancer in females by state in 2007
个州女性患乳腺癌的发生率
The states colored in light green have the
用浅绿色标记的州发生率最低
fewest rates and those in dark blue have the highest
蓝色州最高
The numbers show that the states colored in
数字表明浅绿色标记的州里
light green, about 100 to 117 women per 100000
每100000人里面有100-117位女性有乳腺癌
have breast cancer, and the states colored with
而那些深蓝色标记的州里
dark blue have an incident rate of about
每100000人里面有125-140位女性有乳腺癌
125 to 140 people per 100000. In 2010 over
在2010年
200000 females and almost 2000 men were
超过200000名女性和将近2000名男性
newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The American
被最新诊断患有乳腺癌
institute for cancer research, a non profit
美国癌症研究所是一个由世界癌症研究会
organization with funding from the world cancer
提供资金支持的非营利性组织
research fund gathered a panel of scientists to
世界癌症研究基金会聚集了一批在科学家
review research done on breast cancer risk and
研究分析乳腺癌风险和体育活动的调查
physical activity and published their report in 2007
在2007发布了他们的报告
They also looked at the effects physical activity had
他们也在注意更年期前后
on breast cancer risk before and after menopause and
体育活动对乳腺癌风险的影响
considered the difference between occupational and
也在考虑职业活动和娱乐性活动之间的差异
recreational activity. Many of these studies showed
许多研究都强有力地证明了
convincing evidence that increased amounts of
增强体育活动可以降低
physical activity decreased the risk of breast cancer
乳腺癌的风险
This risk reduction was significant in
这种风险的降低对于更年期后的女性来说
post menopausal women but not in pre menopausal women
有意义而不是更年期前的女性
Next we will examine one specific research study with
接下来我们会继续用相似的调查发现来观察
similar findings.Physical activity and risk of
一个更加具体的调查研究
breast cancer among post menopausal women was
护士健康研究组织2010年发布的研究包含
a study done as part of the Nurse health study
更年期后女性的体育活动和患乳腺癌的风险
published in 2010. This multi year study examined
这项多年研究明确地观察了这些护士的
the relationships between lifestyle and disease of
生活方式和患病之间的关系
these nurses specifically this study was done to
这项研究也观察了
examine the associations of physical activity with
更年期后的女性在体育活动
breast cancer risk amongst post menopausal women
患乳腺癌风险之间的联系
The researchers were interested in the importance of
调查者对于参与者生活中
long term and recent activity in the lives of
长期和短期活动的重要性也很感兴趣
the participants. They also looked at the change
他们也在注意活动参与者的
in the participant's activity and specific types of
活动和具体活动类型的改变
activity participants were involved in. Over 95000
护士健康研究组织招募了
post menopausal women were recruited from the nurse's health study database.
超过95000名更年期后女性
