BBC百件藏品话沧桑第27件:中国汉族漆杯(1)

时间:2014-11-20 15:22:05 编辑:mike 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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Throughout history, as any anthropologist will tell you, the simplest way to bind people to you has been to give them a special gift-a present that only you can give,
纵观历史，每个人类学家都会告诉你，最简单的笼络人心的方式便是赠送特别的礼物。一件只有你能送出，

and only they are worthy to receive; a present like the object in this programme.
也只有对方才配拥有的礼物，如本文中的这一件。

In the last few programmes I've been considering how the leaders of vast kingdoms and empires built and retained their supremacy,
我一直在思考那些伟大帝国的统治者如何巩固自己的权威，

whether by borrowing the image of Alexander the Great, preaching the ideals of the Buddha in India, or buying off the priesthood in Egypt.
无论是借用亚历山大大帝的头像、宣扬佛教理念还是收买埃及祭司。

exploring the giving of Imperial gifts-an activity which straddles the murky boundary between diplomacy and bribery.
馈赠礼物是帝王建立影响力的一个主要方式，这是一种介于外交与贿赂之间的模糊地带的行为。

Our cup comes from a turbulent period in the Han Dynasty, when at the centre the emperor was under severe threat and,
漆杯制作之时，汉朝正处于内忧外患之中。

The Han had extended Chinese power as far south as Vietnam, west to the steppes of Central Asia and north to Korea,
汉代的统治疆土南至越南，西至中亚草原，北达朝鲜。

As Han commerce and settlements grew in these outposts, so their governors gained in power,
随着边塞贸易逐渐繁荣，人口增加，当地将领的势力膨胀，

and there was always a risk that they might turn into independent fiefdoms-what the Chinese now call 'splittism' was a worry even then.
有拥兵自重谋取独立的风险。后世中国所谓的分裂主义，当时就已令统治者烦心。

The governors' loyalty to the Emperor needed to be secured. And one of the ways the emperor kept them on-side was to give them gifts that carried huge Imperial prestige.
皇帝需要将领的绝对忠心，达到这一目的方法之一便是赠送他们能体现皇帝烕仪的物品。

In the British Museum we have an exquisite lacquer wine cup, which was probably given by the Han emperor to one of his military commanders in North Korea around the year 4 AD.
大英博物馆中保存的这只精美的漆酒杯，很可能就是公元四年左右汉朝皇帝赠送给他在朝鲜的一位将军的礼品。

扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练

1.bind to 捆绑在，安排

It is expensive to buy and a bind to carry home.
买这个费用很贵，搬回家也费劲7B#mvhU0Y(2aoNQV&R。

These may bind to receptor molecules on the surfaces of cells.
这些可能会在细胞表面和受体分子结合在一起w.KW.*|_bp*_woVST+s#。

2.struggle to 奋力；挣扎

It's a constant struggle to try to keep them up to par.
要让他们达标，需要不断努力h^@Gzzhm8aS7Vu7Jq。

Curiously, the struggle to survive has greatly improved her health.
奇怪的是，她拼命求生的抗争使得她的健康状况大有好转UQ&N3aoU%i4O]lzU!)0,。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
prestige	[pres'ti:ʒ]	想一想再看 n. 威望，声望	联想记忆 X 单词prestige 联想记忆： pre前，sti＝stand，ge哥：在前面站着的哥哥－有威信的感觉
military	['militəri]	想一想再看 adj. 军事的 n. 军队	联想记忆 X 单词military 联想记忆： mili米粒，吃米粒长大的人－军人
imperial	[im'piəriəl]	想一想再看 adj. 帝国(王)的，至尊的，特大的 n.
vast	[vɑ:st]	想一想再看 adj. 巨大的，广阔的 n. 浩瀚的太
boundary	['baundri]	想一想再看 n. 分界线，边界
threat	[θret]	想一想再看 n. 威胁，凶兆 vt. 威胁, 恐吓
extended	[iks'tendid]	想一想再看 adj. 延续的，广大的，扩大范围的动词extend的
loyalty	['lɔiəlti]	想一想再看 n. 忠诚，忠心	联想记忆 X 单词loyalty 联想记忆：源于：loyal（adj 忠诚的）
survive	[sə'vaiv]	想一想再看 vt. 比 ... 活得长，幸免于难，艰难度过	联想记忆 X 单词survive 联想记忆： sur下面，vive＝live－在下面活着－幸存
severe	[si'viə]	想一想再看 adj. 剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，严厉的，严格的	联想记忆 X 单词severe 联想记忆： severe的人总是sever