1. Did they, as the gossips in Europe and the diplomats and movie-makers since have assumed become lovers?
结构剖析:
一、这个句子是一个简单句,主语是——they(Elisabeth和Dudley),谓语是——become lovers.
二、在句子中有一个很长的部分——as the gossips in Europe and the diplomats and movie-makers since have assumed。
(1)在这其中as扮演者双重角色,一个是作为介词引出名词为介词短语——as the gossip in Europe,这个介词短语中in Europe做定语,修饰gossips。
(2)另一个是作为连词引出一个从句——the diplomats and movie-makers since have assumed,这个从句是和介词短语公用一个引导词as,书面语显得简洁,避免重复字眼。
此外,since在这里不是连词,也不是介词,而是副词,意思是“后来,此后”。
2. But this would have been outrageous for a queen who paraded her virginity at her coronation by leaving her hair down.
结构剖析:这是一个简单句,而起使用了虚拟语气。
首先,我们来看整个句子结构:
主语是this,谓语是would have been outrageous。句子的开头有个but,它在这里做副词用,意思是“然而,但是”,在这里起到承上启下的作用。
二、句中有个介词短语for a queen做状语。
(1)它后面跟有由关系代词who引导的定语从句—— who paraded her virginity at her coronation by leaving her hair down来修饰先行词queen。
(2)在这个定语从句中有2个状语,一个表示地点——at her coronation,一个表示方式——by leaving her hair down。注意这个语序问题:地点状语位于方式状语前面。
我们再来看虚拟语气的使用:
这里由于是解说员对历史的事情做一种假设,所以在谓语上是使用了would have been这个结构,是一般过去式完成式,因为他现在解说的东西与过去的客观事实是相反的:
it this would have been outrageous (注解:实际上Elisabeth并没有做出越轨的行为。)for a queen who paraded her virginity at her coronation by leaving her hair down.
3. When pressed about the rumours, she airily retorted that it was impossible, when surrounded day and night by her ladies.
结构剖析:这个句子是个简单句,主语是——she,谓语是——retorted,宾语是宾语从句——that it was impossible。
(1)句中的When pressed about the rumours和when surrounded day and night by her ladies都是分词短语做状语,但是状语的性质不同。
第一个分词短语“when pressed about the rumours”是过去分词短语,做时间状语,因为press和主句的主语she是被动关系。
第二个分词短语“surrounded day and night by her ladies”也是过去分词短语,因为surround与主句中的主语she是被动关系,做原因状语。
(2)这两个过去分词短语中都含有when这个词,但是词性不同,第一分词短语中的when是连词,意思是“当.....的时候”;第二分词短语中的when是副词,意思是“在那个时候”。
3. With the example of the fate of her own mother before her, it would have been foolhardy to the point of insanity for her to sleep with Dudley.
结构剖析:这个句子是一个简单句。
一、主语是采用了形式主语it,谓语是would have been,表语是foolhardy,状语是to the point of insanity,表示程度,for her是介词短语表示对象,to sleep with Dudley是动词不定式做真实主语。
二、句中的 With the example of the fate of her own mother before her是做原因状语,with介词在这里表示原因,before her是介词短语做时间状语。