1. Elizabeth did all the things women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do.

【结构剖析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句是：Elizabeth did all the things，定语从句是：women in 16th-century England weren't supposed to do。先从词是things（不定代词），关系代词只能用that，不能用which，由于things在定语从句中做宾语，就省略了that这个引导词。

【要点解析】句中的in 16th-century England做定语修饰women，be supposed to do something是习惯用语，意思是“被认为应该做某事”，相当于should do something。

2. He was the public orator at Cambridge University, and it was his outlandish idea to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech.

【结构剖析】这是一个由并列连词and连接的2个分句。第一个分句是：He was the public orator at Cambridge University；第二个分句是： it was his outlandish idea to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech。

第一个分句中的介词短语at Cambridge University修饰前面的名词orator，用介词at，表示在剑桥大学教书的雄辩家。

在第二个分句中使用了形式主语it，那么真是主语是这个很长的动词不定式：to teach the teenage girl a discipline most people thought unsuitable for a woman: the art of the art of public speech。

在这个动词不定式中的谓语使用了直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是：a discipline；间接宾语是：the teenage girl。

直接宾语有一个定语从句修饰它，定语从句是：most people thought unsuitable for a woman，那么先行词是discipline。它指事物，在定语从句中做宾语，具体讲是做thought的宾语，那么关系代词which或者是that可以省略的。

在这个定语从句中有一个动词结构用法：think+宾语+形容词（或形容词短语）。上文中是thought a discipline unsuitable for a woman， unsuitable for a woman是形容词短语做宾语的补足语。

the art of the art of public speech是做discipline的同位语，补充说明这个学科是什么学科。