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带你步入魔法世界:《哈利·波特与魔法石》赏析(84)

时间:2012-03-06 09:19:21 来源:可可英语 编辑:lily  每天三分钟英语轻松学

一.原句重现:It was hard to believe there was a ceiling there at all, and that the Great Hall didn't simply open on to the heavens.
believe:v. 相信,认为
【例句用法】
1.He thinks that everyone who believes will go to heaven.
他认为凡是信神者都将进天堂。
2.I believe it to have been a mistake.
我认为这一直就是错的。
3.We believe in his ability.
我们相信他的才干。
【短语词组】
believe in 相信,信任
believe it or not 信不信由你
believe one's ears 相信所听到的话
Seeing is believing 眼见为实
Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见
【词义辨析】
believe, trust, confide, rely,
believe: 普通用词,常表示一种缓和、不太肯定的口气。
trust: 指绝对相信或信赖某人。
confide: 侧重忠诚可靠与可信赖。
rely: 指在相信的基础上可进一步依靠,着重可靠性。
believe, believe in,
believe: 表示“相信”、“信以为真”(to accept as true)之意,它是及物动词,其后直接跟宾语。
Do you believe his reports?
你相信他的报告吗?
I could hardly believe my eyes.
我几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。
In ancient times it was believed that the earth was flat.
古时候,人们认为地球是扁平的。
believe in: 则表示“信仰”、“信任”(to have faith in somebody or something)之意。是一个动介型短语动词。其后的常用搭配语为:有关宗教、理论、原则、概念及可信任之人,如:a religion, ghosts, fairies, a theory, a friend等词;例中的believe为不及物动词。
We do not believe in ghosts.
我们不信鬼神。
He believes in getting plenty of exercise.
他相信多锻炼身体就会有好处。
In the days of the French Revolution,people believed in liberty,equality and fraternity.
法国大革命时代的人们信奉自由、平等及博爱。
consider, think, believe, count, deem, reckon, regard,
consider: 指经过考虑和观察后得出的结论。
think: 普通用词,指按照自己的意见提出看法。
believe: 通常指根据一定的证据,经思考后而认为属实。
count: 指作出判断后而得出的看法等。
deem: 正式用词,常用于法律、文学,强调作判断而不是思考。
reckon: 指对人或事作全面“权衡”,把各方面意见考虑进去后得出结论。
regard: 侧重凭外表或表面现象作判断。多强调观点。
【词语用法】
区别believe和believe in的用法,believe someone指“相信某人所为”,believe in someone指“信赖某人的为人可靠”或“相信某人将有所作为”;
如果动词不是be,一般believe后用从句。
I believed (that) you belonged to that company.
我相信你属于那家公司。
当believe为被动语态时,后面习惯接不定式。
You are believed to be honest.
believe可理解为suppose。
She believes she told me,but she is not sure.
她以为已经告诉我了,但她自己也不太肯定。
make believe是习惯用语,意为“假装”。
She made believe to be ill.
句中believe是不定式,但因前面是make,不带特定宾语,所以省略to。
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句:Are you believing what he says?
纠正:Do you believe what he says?
翻译:你相信他所说的吗?
分析:像believe,like,contain等词不可用进行时态。
二.原句重现:So put me on! Don't be afraid!And don't get in a flap!
afraid:adj. 抱歉的,担心的,害怕的
【例句用法】
1.Have we missed the train?' `I'm afraid so.'
‘我们误了火车了吗?’‘很遗憾,是误了.’
2.I can't help you, I'm afraid.
我帮不了你的忙,对不起。
3.Have you any milk?' `I'm afraid not.'
‘你有牛奶吗?’‘对不起,没有.’
4.I didn't mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him/afraid (that) I might upset him.
我没有提起那件事,因为我怕他心烦意乱。
【词义辨析】
afraid, fearful, awful, dreadful, frightful, terrible, horrible, terrific, appalling,
afraid: 指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。
fearful: 普通用词,既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧,又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。
awful: 指威严得令人害怕或敬畏,有一定的感情色彩。
dreadful: 指使人非常恐惧,毛骨悚然,也使人感到讨厌而退缩。
frightful: 指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。
terrible: 侧重指给人以长久的惊骇,极端的恐怖,令人难以忍受。
horrible: 指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然,着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。
terrific: 多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。
appalling: 指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。
【词语用法】
much afraid, very much afraid和very afraid都指“很害怕”,但因afraid是表语形容词,very afraid的表达方式不妥当。使用最普遍的是very much afraid,等同于afraid的定语形容词是frightened;
afraid后可加不定式,of和动名词,that或lest引导的从句:
加不定式时,指“怕……”,如afraid to die指“怕死”,afraid to see him指“怕见他”。
加of和动名词时,除了指“怕。。。”,还常指“恐怕将。。。”,如afraid of dying指“恐怕将死”或“怕死”,afraid of seeing him指“(不想见而)恐怕难免要见到他”或“怕见他”。
that从句中,常省略开首的that。
I am afraid (that) we shall be late.
I am afraid有时指“I am sorry”。
I am afraid I cannot tell you.
注意I am afraid不能单独代替I am sorry.
不可用在名词名词前,如可以说John is afraid,或John is a frightened man,不可说John is an afraid man;
在非正式表达方式下,be afraid要比fear使用得更普遍,如Don't be afraid,而不是Don't  fear。

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