1.There is little doubt that the appearance on the scene of a young woman was a major turning point in Hawking's life.

【参考译文】无可怀疑的是，一位年轻女子的出现是霍金生命的重要转折点。
【结构解析】句中that引导的从句是一个同位语从句，对"doubt"做进一步的解释。

2.There were many times when these supports were not adequate, and he would turn up in the office with a bandage around his head, having fallen heavily and received a nasty bump.

【参考译文】很多时候，这些支撑物根本不够用，出现在办公室的时候，他满头绷带--因重重地摔在地上，头上摔出了丑陋的肿块。
【结构解析】"with a bandage around his head"是介词短语做状语，修饰“turn up”，"having fallen heavily and received a nasty bump"做原因状语，修饰“turn up in the office with a bandage around his head”。

3.Of course he has had to suffer the humiliations and obstructions facing all those in society who are not able-bodied。

【参考译文】当然，和社会上所有那些身体不健全的人一样，他必须忍受羞耻和障碍。
【结构解析】句中“ facing all those in society who are not able-bodied”是定语，修饰前面的“the humiliations and obstructions”。