call for
require, demand 要求

on the grounds of/on…grounds
for reasons of 因为；以…为理由

self-preservation
n. 自我保护

sentimentalize
vt. treat or consider in a sentimental way 感情用事地对待（或看待）

creature
n. a living being, especially an animal 生物（尤指动物）

resistance
n. opposition 反对，反抗

voter
n. 投票者，（法定）选举人

vote
v. express one's choice in favour of (a person or political party) at an election 投票选举

snail darter
n. 蜗牛鱼（一种濒临绝种的很小的淡水鱼）

run/go against the grain (of sth. or to do sth.)
be contrary to one's inclination, desire, or feeling 与（…）格格不入；违反意愿（做某事）

contemporary
a. current; modern 当代的，现代的

worship
n., vt. 崇拜；崇敬

to the point of
to a degree that can be described as 达到…的程度

excess
n. more than the reasonable degree or amount 过节，无节制

organism
n. 生物体，有机体

spiritual
a. of the spirit as opposed to matter 精神的；非物质的

nothing more than
just the same as; only 无异于；只不过，仅仅

sentimental
a. 感情用事的；多愁善感的

selective
a. of or characterized by selection 选择的；有选择性的

Bengali
n., a. 孟加拉人（的）；孟加拉语（的）；孟加拉的

jungle
n. 杂乱无章的事物；（热带）丛林

current
a. occurring in or existing at the present time 当前的，现在的

debate
n. 辩论；争论

rage
vi. continue with great force; be intense 激烈地进行

wildlife
n. wild animals and vegetation, especially animals living in a natural state （总称）野生动物（尤指野生动物）

refuge▲
n. a place providing protection or shelter 庇护所；避难处

work one's way
manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one's goal 设法抵达（或获得通过）；努力达到目标

congress
n. 国会；立法机关；代表大会

exploration
n. the act or an instance of exploring 勘查，探测；探索

conserve▲
vt. protect from loss or harm; preserve 保护；保存

either/or
a. 只能两者择其一的

proposition▲
n. 提议；命题

consumption
n. the act of consuming; the amount consumed 消费（量）

come through
experience, survive or overcome (a difficulty, etc.) 经历；从（…中）活下来（或挺过来）

in part
to some extent; partly 在某种程度上；部分地

dependence
n. the state of being dependent 依靠，依赖

ridiculous
a. absurd 可笑的，荒谬的

sentimentalism
n. 感情用事；多愁善感，感伤主义

deny
vt. refuse to grant or allow 不给；不准

attainable
a. that can be reached or achieved 可达到的；可得到的

attain
vt. 达到；取得

disrupt▲
vt. throw into confusion or disorder 使陷于混乱；干扰

breeding ground
动物繁殖的地方

breed (bred)
v. bear, produce (young) （使）繁殖；产（后代）

reindeer
n. （单复同）驯鹿

Arctic
a., n. 北级（的），北极圈（的）

mate
v. （使）交配

similarly
ad. in a similar way 同样地，相同地

owl▲
n. 猫头鹰

aesthetic▲
a. 美学的；美感的；美的

livelihood
n. a means of living 生计

logging
n. 伐木业