fundamental
a. of the basis or foundation of sth. 基本的，根本的

environmentalism
n. 环境保护论；环境论

combat
v. fight or struggle (against) （与…）斗争，战斗

ecological
a. of ecology 生态的；生态学的

atmosphere
n. 大气；气氛

ozone▲
n. 臭氧

layer
n. a single thickness of a material covering a surface 层

reduction
n. making or becoming less or smaller 减少

cancer
n. 癌，恶性肿瘤

cataract
n. 白内障

plankton
n. 浮游生物

reality
n. 现实；真实

speculative
a. 猜测性的，推测的

consequence
n. the result or effect of an action or condition 后果，结果

deadly
a. causing or able to cause fatal injury or serious damage 致命的，毁灭性的

melt
v. (cause a solid to) become liquid （使）融化，（使）熔化

urgent
a. calling for immediate attention 紧急的；急迫的

universal
a. 全世界的；普遍的，全体的

unashamedly
ad. without showing guilt or embarrassment 坦然地，满不在乎地

man-centered
a. 以人为中心的，只考虑人类的利益的

call for
require, demand 要求

on the grounds of/on…grounds
for reasons of 因为；以…为理由

self-preservation
n. 自我保护

sentimentalize
vt. treat or consider in a sentimental way 感情用事地对待（或看待）

creature
n. a living being, especially an animal 生物（尤指动物）

resistance
n. opposition 反对，反抗

voter
n. 投票者，（法定）选举人

vote
v. express one's choice in favour of (a person or political party) at an election 投票选举

snail darter
n. 蜗牛鱼（一种濒临绝种的很小的淡水鱼）

run/go against the grain (of sth. or to do sth.)
be contrary to one's inclination, desire, or feeling 与（…）格格不入；违反意愿（做某事）

contemporary
a. current; modern 当代的，现代的

worship
n., vt. 崇拜；崇敬

to the point of
to a degree that can be described as 达到…的程度

excess
n. more than the reasonable degree or amount 过节，无节制

organism
n. 生物体，有机体

spiritual
a. of the spirit as opposed to matter 精神的；非物质的

nothing more than
just the same as; only 无异于；只不过，仅仅

sentimental
a. 感情用事的；多愁善感的

selective
a. of or characterized by selection 选择的；有选择性的

Bengali
n., a. 孟加拉人（的）；孟加拉语（的）；孟加拉的

jungle
n. 杂乱无章的事物；（热带）丛林

current
a. occurring in or existing at the present time 当前的，现在的

debate
n. 辩论；争论

rage
vi. continue with great force; be intense 激烈地进行

wildlife
n. wild animals and vegetation, especially animals living in a natural state （总称）野生动物（尤指野生动物）

refuge▲
n. a place providing protection or shelter 庇护所；避难处

work one's way
manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one's goal 设法抵达（或获得通过）；努力达到目标

congress
n. 国会；立法机关；代表大会

exploration
n. the act or an instance of exploring 勘查，探测；探索

conserve▲
vt. protect from loss or harm; preserve 保护；保存

either/or
a. 只能两者择其一的

proposition▲
n. 提议；命题

consumption
n. the act of consuming; the amount consumed 消费（量）

come through
experience, survive or overcome (a difficulty, etc.) 经历；从（…中）活下来（或挺过来）

in part
to some extent; partly 在某种程度上；部分地

dependence
n. the state of being dependent 依靠，依赖

ridiculous
a. absurd 可笑的，荒谬的